The origins of vision: Effects of reflection, models, and analysis

Institutional Leadership: Past, Present, and Future

“…In establishing the rationale behind the organization's life story, the schema generates an organizational identity that insures continuity between past and future goals and actions. Looking at the development of an effective leader vision, Strange and Mumford (2005) found that vision emerged in a process where leaders reflected on the fortunes of past goals and behaviors in deriving mental models for the future. The vision formation process causes leaders to use a descriptive mental model of the organization -one that articulates the themes and relationships between actions and outcomes -and by assessing that model in light of organization members' experience, to then devise a prescriptive model for situations yet to be encountered.…”

Reflection as a strategy to enhance task performance after feedback

“…In one (Moreno & Mayer, 2005), when students were asked to reflect on their problem-solving answers in a multimedia game without receiving feedback, the reflections they provided did not affect learning. The other study (Strange & Mumford, 2005), investigating the role of reflection in vision formation in leaders, found that reflection led to better vision formation only when leaders were exposed to external information on appropriate models. Indeed, without good models from which to learn, reflection resulted in particularly poor performance.…”

Impact of Student Assessment Activities on Reflective Thinking in High School Argument-Based Inquiry

“…논의기반 탐구 과학수업의 마지 막 단계에 학생들이 작성하는 반성 글쓰기는 학습자가 자신의 학습 과정에 대해 인식하고 모니터링하는 메타인지적 활동 과정이다 (Bangert-Drown, Hurley, & Wilkinson, 2004, Nam et al, 2008Sung & Nam, 2013). 학생들은 반성 글쓰기를 통해 자신이 수행한 활동 전반에 대해 되돌아보는 기회를 가질 수 있으며, 이러한 반성은 평가 활동을 통해 피드백을 제공함으로써 효과적으로 유도할 수 있다 (Cheng & Warren, 1999, Mayer, 2004Moreno & Mayer, 2005;Pope, 2001;Strange & Mumford, 2005 ). 학습자들은 피드백을 제공받지 않은 상태에서 자신의 수행의 성공과 실패여부에 대하여 반성할 때 학습수행에 대하여 잘못된 전략을 적용할 수 있기 때문에 학습자에게 아무런 피드백을 제공하지 않는 경우보다 다른 사람으로부터 피드백 을 통한 안내를 제공받은 교수전략이 더 효과적일 수 있다 (Mayer, 2004).…”