The Orlando Nightclub Shooting: Firsthand Accounts and Lessons Learned

Parrish, Gary A.; Bondani, Kathryn; Bullard, Timothy; Stone, Amanda; Tarkowski, Amanda; Ponder, Christopher; Smith, Thomas J.; Weatherford, Tory; Hunter, Christopher A.; Silvestri, Salvatore

doi:10.12788/emed.2016.0046

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[1][2][3][4] Recent MCIs have shown that limited lifesaving interventions, primarily hemorrhage control, swift extrication, and immediate transport, should be priorities for care. [5][6][7][8] Training first responders to integrate response skills into a dynamic, unstable, and active disaster is challenging and difficult to simulate. Further complicating first responder training is the lack of a standard triage protocol or use of protocols that are outdated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mass casualty incidents (MCIs) proliferate in the United States, we increasingly rely on skilled first responders, who deliver accurate and timely triage and to reduce overall morbidity and mortality of victims 1–4 . Recent MCIs have shown that limited lifesaving interventions, primarily hemorrhage control, swift extrication, and immediate transport, should be priorities for care 5–8 . Training first responders to integrate response skills into a dynamic, unstable, and active disaster is challenging and difficult to simulate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Implementation of a workshop for mass casualty incident triage training using an immersive virtual reality simulation

Kman,

McGrath,

Panchal

et al. 2024

AEM Education and Training

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveWe offered a workshop at the 2023 annual meeting of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine to teach the Sort–Assess–Lifesaving Interventions–Treatment/Transport (SALT) triage protocol for responding to mass casualty incidents (MCIs) using an immersive virtual reality (VR) simulator. Here, we report workshop outcomes.MethodsAfter a 1‐h didactic on the basics of triage protocols, workshop participants rotated through three skill stations at which learners learned how to use the VR headset and controllers, practiced applying SALT triage skills through a tabletop exercise, and then finally used our VR simulator for training responses to MCIs. During their encounter with VR, participants applied their new knowledge to triaging and treating the victims of an explosion in a virtual subway station. After a brief orientation, participants entered the scene to treat and triage virtual patients who had various life‐threatening (e.g., acute arterial bleed, penetrating injury, pneumothorax, amputations) and non–life‐threatening injuries (lacerations, sprains, hysteria, confusion). The simulator generated a performance report for each workshop attendee to be used for debriefing by a skilled facilitator.ResultsParticipants were mostly trainees (residents), all of whom properly initiated their encounter with global sort commands (walk and wave) to identify the most critically injured. On average, participants correctly treated 92% of 18 injuries, with all bleeding injuries being properly controlled (tourniquets or wound packing). On average, participants correctly tagged 87.7% of 11 patients, but only took the pulse of 67% of the 11 patients. Learners had difficulty with cases involving embedded shrapnel and properly tagging patients who were stable after treatments.ConclusionsOur VR simulator provided a practical, portable, reproducible training and assessment system for preparing future emergency medical systems (EMS) medical directors to teach their EMS professionals the triage and lifesaving intervention treatment skills needed to save lives.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of a workshop for mass casualty incident triage training using an immersive virtual reality simulation

Kman,

McGrath,

Panchal

et al. 2024

AEM Education and Training

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These mass casualty events create surges of victims that overwhelm healthcare systems, leading to the preventable loss of human lives. Averting surges that jeopardize the emergent care of victims requires a workforce of emergency personnel who are well trained in the fundamentals of disaster response, 3 including targeted hemorrhage control, swift extrication, minimal interventions, and immediate transport to the appropriate receiving centers 4–8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Averting surges that jeopardize the emergent care of victims requires a workforce of emergency personnel who are well trained in the fundamentals of disaster response, 3 including targeted hemorrhage control, swift extrication, minimal interventions, and immediate transport to the appropriate receiving centers. [4][5][6][7][8] Conventional training of first responders for mass casualty events involves 1 of 3 methods: (1) live, large-scale simulations of mass casualty incidents (MCIs) that use manikins and actors cast in a temporary setting 9,10 ; (2) table-top drills that resemble board games 11 ; and (3) lectures or presentations on mass casualty response, sometimes followed by facilitated discussions about treating specific patient victims. 12 The large-scale simulations are the most realistic and effective but are resource heavy, expensive to construct, available for a limited time (usually 1 day), and are overly reliant on human evaluators to assess participants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Responder Virtual Reality Simulator to train and assess emergency personnel for mass casualty response

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As mass casualty incidents continue to escalate in the United States, we must improve frontline responder performance to increase the odds of victim survival. In this article, we describe the First Responder Virtual Reality Simulator, a high‐fidelity, fully immersive, automated, programmable virtual reality (VR) simulation designed to train frontline responders to treat and triage victims of mass casualty incidents. First responder trainees don a wireless VR head‐mounted display linked to a compatible desktop computer. Trainees see and hear autonomous, interactive victims who are programmed to simulate individuals with injuries consistent with an explosion in an underground space. Armed with a virtual medical kit, responders are tasked with triaging and treating the victims on the scene. The VR environment can be made more challenging by increasing the environmental chaos, adding patients, or increasing the acuity of patient injuries. The VR platform tracks and records their performance as they navigate the disaster scene. Output from the system provides feedback to participants on their performance. Eventually, we hope that the First Responder system will serve both as an effective replacement for expensive conventional training methods as well as a safe and efficient platform for research on current triage protocols.

show abstract

The Orlando Nightclub Shooting: Firsthand Accounts and Lessons Learned

Abstract: These emergency physicians describe what it was like in the ED on the night of the Orlando mass-casualty incident, and what they learned from the experience that can help other EDs.

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Implementation of a workshop for mass casualty incident triage training using an immersive virtual reality simulation

Implementation of a workshop for mass casualty incident triage training using an immersive virtual reality simulation

First Responder Virtual Reality Simulator to train and assess emergency personnel for mass casualty response

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About