The osteogenesis performance of titanium modified via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition: in vitro and in vivo studies

Abstract

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used in dental implants due to their favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Surface characteristics, including physical and chemical properties, are crucial factors to enhance the osteogenesis performance of Ti. The aim of this study is to evaluate amino group surface modification to facilitate the osteogenic potential and bone repair of dental implants both in vitro and in vivo. Herein, amino group-modified Ti surfaces were constructed via the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique with an allylamine monomer. The adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphate activity and osteogenesis-related genetic expression of MG-63 cells on the surfaces were performed in vitro and presented a significant increase in amino group-modified Ti compared with that in Ti. The in vivo study in miniature pigs was evaluated through micro-computed tomography analysis and histological evaluation, which exhibited enhanced new bone formation in amino group-modified Ti compared with that in Ti after implantation for 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Consequently, amino group surface modification with the PECVD technique may provide a promising modification method to enhance the osteogenesis performance of Ti implants.

Osseointegration behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone composites modified with amino groups: An in vivo study

“…The histomorphometric calculation of MAR and BIC revealed detailed insight into the osteoid formation capability of implant materials, which validated our findings from Micro‐CT and SEM. The results showed that the BIC and MAR of A‐30%‐CPEEK were significantly higher than those of 30%‐CPEEK, which were also consistent with the results of in vivo studies on amino‐functionalized titanium 19 . Combined with the previous research in vitro, amino groups enhanced ALP activity and osteogenic gene expression in MG‐63 cells, 18 confirming the positive effect on the formation and maturation of new bone.…”

“…Surface modification is the primary method to improve the bioactivity of implant materials 31 . In recent years, some implant materials, including bioactive ceramics, pure Ti and PEEK, have been modified using amino groups to exhibit enhanced osteoblasts viability in vitro 14,18,19 . However, limited research is available on osseointegration of such implants in vivo.…”

“…Images obtained under lower magnification were selected for BIC calculation. In the horizontal direction and starting from the apex of the implant, the measurement region was one‐third of the entire length of the implant‐bone interface 19,24 . Each group of samples was triplicated for statistical analysis.…”

“…Amino is an important organic functional group with good chemical reactivity and a positively charged surface, which plays a positive role in the adsorption of bioactive protein and the formation of new bone 13–15 . Previous research has successfully introduced stable and high‐density amino groups on the surface of pure titanium and CFR‐PEEK via the Plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique, 16,17 and confirmed that it presented better osteoblast compatibility in terms of cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation 18,19 …”

“…[13][14][15] Previous research has successfully introduced stable and high-density amino groups on the surface of pure titanium and CFR-PEEK via the Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique, 16,17 and confirmed that it presented better osteoblast compatibility in terms of cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. 18,19 Implant osseointegration is critical for a successful implant prosthesis, which is usually evaluated by BIC. 20 To quantify the osseointegration ability of amino-modified CFR-PEEK, we prepared and implanted it into the skull defect model of rabbits for 5 weeks.…”