The Osteogenic Properties of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Cultures on TiO₂Sol-Gel-Derived Biomaterial

Abstract

The biocompatibility of the bone implants is a crucial factor determining the successful tissue regeneration. The aim of this work was to compare cellular behavior and osteogenic properties of rat adipose-derived multipotent stromal cells (ASCs) and bone marrow multipotent stromal cells (BMSCs) cultured on metallic substrate covered with TiO2 sol-gel-derived nanolayer. The morphology, proliferation rate, and osteogenic differentiation potential of both ASCs and BMSCs propagated on the biomaterials were examined. The potential for osteogenic differentiation of ASCs and BMSCs was determined based on the presence of specific markers of osteogenesis, that is, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCL). Additionally, the concentration of calcium and phosphorus in extracellular matrix was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Obtained results showed that TiO2 layer influenced proliferation activity of ASCs, which manifested by shortening of population doubling time and increase of OPN secretion. However, characteristic features of cells morphology and growth pattern of cultures prompted us to conclude that ultrathin TiO2 layer might also enhance osteodifferentiation of BMSCs. Therefore in our opinion, both populations of MSCs should be used for biological evaluation of biomaterials compatibility, such results may enhance the area of investigations related to regenerative medicine.

In VitroandIn VivoEffects of Metformin on Osteopontin Expression in Mice Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells and Adipose Tissue

“…The cells were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of six C57BL/6 mice using protocol established previously [ 32 , 33 ]. Material was collected from the abdominal region of each animal.…”

“…Cultures under standard and osteo- and adipogenic conditions were maintained in 24-well dishes. Experiments were carried out simultaneously, each in triplicate according to the previous findings [ 33 ]. Osteogenesis was induced during 21-day period, while stimulation toward adipocytes lasted for 14 days.…”

5‐Azacytydine and resveratrol reverse senescence and ageing of adipose stem cells via modulation of mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy

“…Due to their unique properties, ASCs hold promise in treating multiple disorders, including graft versus host disease, multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus and autoimmune‐induced diseases . Moreover, their application in bone and cartilage regeneration as well as wound healing was widely investigated . There has been a growing number of ASC‐related studies demonstrating the ability of these cells to decrease IR, promote regeneration of pancreatic beta cells and suppress autoimmunity in the course of diabetes …”

Differential osteogenic potential of human adipose‐derived stem cells co‐cultured with human osteoblasts on polymeric microfiber scaffolds

“…The synthesized cDNA was used as template for qRT‐PCR to determine the expression level of the osteogenic‐associated genes. Four main bone‐related genes were investigated, namely: (a) Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), an essential transcription factor for the induction of early osteogenic differentiation; (b) osteopontin (OSP), a mid‐stage marker, which is expressed maximally at the initiation phase of mineralization and is associated with the mineralization front;(c) osteocalcin (OCN), a late bone marker that is secreted only by osteoblasts and represents differentiation toward osteoblastic lineage and extracellular mineral matrix maturation, and (d) bone sialoprotein (BSP), an early bone protein marker which is a highly sulfated, phosphorylated, and glycosylated protein present within the bone matrix as an indicator of potential role of the protein in the early mineralization of osteoblasts . Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as the housekeeping gene for data normalization.…”