The Other as a Woman. Polybius and Appian on the Swapping of Gender Roles among the Carthaginians

Generals and judges: command, constitution and the fate of Carthage

“…Carthage was often cast as a second-string barbarian Other, a portrayal already apparent in Pindar (Pythian Odes 1.71-80) and Herodotus (7.166). Our sources for the Punic Wars, however, included at least some Carthaginian inputs, even if Carthage was still framed as an insidious foreign enemy (Isaac 2004, 324-35;Matusiak 2022). Polybius himself was a witness to the destruction of Carthage in the Third Punic War, and reported conversations with several participants in the Second, including Gaius Laelius (10.3.2) and .…”