The Other Global Pandemic

Chang, David C.; Oseni, Tawakalitu O.; Strong, Bethany L.; Molina, George; Ortega, Gezzer; Chen, Herbert; Rogers, Selwyn O.

doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000005168

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Where these studies often fall short is in linking racial health disparities to the precise mechanisms that produce them such as manifestations of racism including poverty and state violence. [3][4][5] As a result, alternative explanations including biologic essentialism 6 or cultural inferiority 7 may arise to explain observed differences in health outcomes, which can further pathologize individuals having these disparities. This has been seen throughout the COVID-19 pandemic where inequities in morbidity and mortality among Black individuals have been incorrectly attributed to harmful stereotypes such as genetic susceptibility, 8,9 greater risk tolerance or willful assumption of pandemic risk, 10 or worse hygiene 11 despite an absence of supporting evidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualizing, Contextualizing, and Operationalizing Race in Quantitative Health Sciences Research

et al. 2022

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Differences in health outcomes across racial groups are among the most commonly reported findings in health disparities research. Often, these studies do not explicitly connect observed disparities to mechanisms of systemic racism that drive adverse health outcomes among racialized and other marginalized groups in the United States. Without this connection, investigators inadvertently support harmful narratives of biologic essentialism or cultural inferiority that pathologize racial identities and inhibit health equity. This paper outlines pitfalls in the conceptualization, contextualization, and operationalization of race in quantitative population health research and provides recommendations on how to appropriately engage in scientific inquiry aimed at understanding racial health inequities. Race should not be used as a measure of biologic difference, but rather as a proxy for exposure to systemic racism. Future studies should go beyond this proxy use and directly measure racism and its health impacts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualizing, Contextualizing, and Operationalizing Race in Quantitative Health Sciences Research

et al. 2022

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“…In the absence of these qualities, the public turn to the so-called normalcy bias. This cognitive bias leads people to minimise, even disbelieve, warnings of risks even when they are already experiencing real danger (Chang et al, 2021;Cato et al, 2021). With normalcy bias, people at risk may not follow the guidance provided.…”

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confidence: 99%

Communicating Risks

2023

COVID and Climate Emergencies in the Majority World

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It is crucial to communicate the hazards of climate change and our power to act on them, believing and acting with 'constructive optimism'. The COVID-19 pandemic has taught us the significance of effective risk communication. Transparent and credible oversight of risk management strategies by reputable authorities is vital.Eight to nine typhoons, on average, make landfall every year in my home country, the Philippines. Although I live on the southern tip of the, where intense storms do not usually strike, the most recent typhoons have been stronger. In December 2021, Typhoon Rai hit the northern part of my home island, Mindanao, causing catastrophic damage before moving across the southern Visayas through Palawan. Rai killed more than 400 people while damaging nearly US$1 billion of crops, infrastructure, and properties.The coastal orientation of my country means that our communities tend to settle near the waters. Indeed, we build our cities on the coasts. With strong typhoons, these coastal communities have been at risk of extreme hazards, including strong winds and sea surges. But weather extremes, such as super typhoons, are not the only hazard we Filipinos face. As a country in the Pacific Ring of Fire, active volcanoes dot our archipelago. These erupt from time to time, producing pyroclastic flows that affect lives and livelihoods. Seismic activities, including strong earthquakes, are also common phenomena. The 2019 earthquakes in Cotabato, my home region, and in Davao del Sur and Batanes were destructive.Already burdened with seismic and volcanic hazards, the vulnerabilities of many Filipinos will exacerbate as climate change intensifies its impacts. Hydrometeorological threats, including extreme weather events like super typhoons and prolonged droughts, will increase the likelihood of misery among Filipinos. Farmers and fisherfolks, particularly, are at high risk.

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Breaking barriers: impact of surgical research pathways on high school students from underrepresented minority backgrounds

Allahwasaya,

Akhund,

Zmijewski

et al. 2024

Global Surg Educ

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Purpose Increasing diversity in surgical workforce is vital for better healthcare outcomes among marginalized populations. High school students, especially from underrepresented minority (URM) backgrounds, encounter obstacles in pursuing healthcare careers due to limited opportunities and guidance. In this study, we examined how introducing high school students from URM communities to the field of surgery influenced their perceptions of pursuing surgical careers. Method We conducted a mixed-methods study on high school students involved in the Pre-College Research Internship for Students from Minority Backgrounds (PRISM) program from 2018 to 2022, excluding the 2020 cohort due to COVID-19 disruptions. PRISM connected academic surgeons with students from URM backgrounds interested in medicine, involving them in research, lectures, and clinical shadowing. We used questionnaires and focus group interviews to assess its impact on the students’ career goals. Results Fourteen out of twenty participants completed a self-administered survey (70% response rate), and six participated in focus group interviews. Of the participants, 78.5% were African American, 14.3% Hispanic, and 7.2% Native American. All students achieved a 100% college acceptance rate, with 85.7% selecting pre-medical degrees in college and planning to pursue medical school. More than 75.0% of the students had no family members working in healthcare or had limited knowledge of healthcare professions. 90.0% reported that their involvement in the program improved their understanding of healthcare professions or inspired them to pursue a career in academic surgery. 86.6% found the program helpful for mentorship and career development. All students lacked prior research experience, but 64.3% were involved in active research post-program. The quantitative results were supported by qualitative data obtained from the focus group interviews. Participants emphasized four prominent themes: the importance of appropriate mentorship, better understanding of healthcare and surgical career pathways, enhanced research knowledge, and progress in career development. Conclusion Providing high school students from underrepresented minority (URM) backgrounds with early exposure to surgical practices and mentorship can significantly support their career development and increase interest in academic surgery. Investing in these pipeline programs is a viable component of a multi-faceted approach to effectively address diversity within the surgical workforce.

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The Other Global Pandemic

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Conceptualizing, Contextualizing, and Operationalizing Race in Quantitative Health Sciences Research

Conceptualizing, Contextualizing, and Operationalizing Race in Quantitative Health Sciences Research

Communicating Risks

Breaking barriers: impact of surgical research pathways on high school students from underrepresented minority backgrounds

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