The other-race effect: Holistic coding differences and beyond

Hayward, William G.; Crookes, Kate; Rhodes, Gillian

doi:10.1080/13506285.2013.824530

Cited by 81 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Yet people have difficulty discriminating between faces from ethnic and racial groups other than their own (e.g., Herrmann, Schreppel, Jäger, Ehlis, & Fallgatter, 2007;Lindsay, Jack, & Christian, 1991;Walker & Tanaka, 2003), an effect that translates into a robust memory deficit for other-race faces (Malpass & Kravitz, 1969;Meissner & Brigham, 2001;Sporer, 2001). It has been suggested that other-race faces may be processed less holistically than own-race faces (Rossion & Michel, 2011), yet support for this hypothesis varies across tasks (see Hayward, Crookes, & Rhodes, 2013, for a review). Here, we investigated the other-race effect in the complete paradigm of the composite task, which measures failures to selectively attend to one region of a face (Young, Hellawell, & Hay, 1987;Richler, Cheung, & Gauthier, 2011a).…”

Section: Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

The other-race effect in perception and recognition: Insights from the complete composite task.

Horry¹,

Cheong²,

Brewer³

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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People are more accurate at recognizing faces of their own race than faces from other races, a phenomenon known as the other-race effect. Other-race effects have also been reported in some perceptual tasks. Across three experiments, White and Chinese participants completed recognition tests as well as the complete paradigm of the composite task, which measures participants' abilities to selectively attend to the target region of a face while ignoring the task-irrelevant region of the face. Each task was completed with both own-and other-race faces. At a group level, participants showed significant own-race effects in recognition, but not in the composite task. At an individual difference level, the results provided no support for the hypothesis that a deficit in holistic processing for other-race faces drives the other-race effect in recognition. We therefore conclude that the other-race effect in recognition is not driven by the processes that underpin the composite effect.

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Section: Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

The other-race effect in perception and recognition: Insights from the complete composite task.

Horry¹,

Cheong²,

Brewer³

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…Free from illusion-induced interference, these individuals outperformed controls when the target and distractor halves were aligned (Le Grand et al, 2004). When tested using the original matching design, Michel and colleagues (2006) found that observers' susceptibility to the composite illusion was also greater when participants viewed composite faces of their own race (but for conflicting results obtained with the complete design see Horry, Cheong, & Brewer, 2015;Zhao, Hayward, & Bülthoff, 2014; for a review of this literature, see Hayward, Crookes, & Rhodes, 2013). Similarly, Susilo and colleagues (2009) found stronger effects using the original matching procedure when composites were constructed from own-age faces (but see Wiese, Kachel, & Schweinberger, 2013).…”

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The composite face illusion

2016

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Few findings in cognitive science have proved as influential as the composite face effect. When the top half of one face is aligned with the bottom half of another, and presented upright, the resulting composite arrangement induces a compelling percept of a novel facial configuration. Findings obtained using composite face procedures have contributed significantly to our understanding of holistic face processing, the detrimental effects of face inversion, the development of face perception, and aberrant face perception in clinical populations. Composite paradigms continue to advance our knowledge of face perception, as exemplified by their recent use for investigating the perceptual mechanisms underlying dynamic face processing. However, the paradigm has been the subject of intense scrutiny, particularly over the last decade, and there is a growing sense that the composite face illusion, whilst easy to illustrate, is deceptively difficult to measure and interpret. In this review, we provide a focussed overview of the existing composite face literature, and identify six priorities for future research. Addressing these gaps in our knowledge will aid the evaluation and refinement of theoretical accounts of the illusion.

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“…This holistic processing hypothesis is indirectly supported by research on holistic processing in own- vs. other-race face recognition (Michel, Rossion, Han, Chung, & Caldara, 2006; Michel, Caldara, & Rossion, 2006; Mondloch et al, 2010; Rhodes, Tan, Brake, & Taylor, 1989; Tanaka, Kiefer, & Bukach, 2004). For example, studies have found that own-race faces are processed more holistically than other-race faces using a face inversion paradigm (e.g., Rhodes, Tan, Brake, & Taylor, 1989), face composite paradigm (Michel, Rossion, Han, Chung, & Caldara, 2006), and part-whole paradigm (Leder & Carbon, 2005; Michel, Caldara, & Rossion, 2006; Mondloch et al, 2010; Tanaka, Kiefer, & Bukach, 2004), although the robustness of the holistic processing effect has recently been questioned (Hayward, Crookes, & Rhodes, 2013). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of visual expertise on a novel eye-size illusion: Implications for holistic face processing

Yan

Quinn

et al. 2015

Vision Research

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The present study examined the effect of visual experience on the magnitude of a novel eye-size illusion: when the size of a face’s frame is increased or decreased but eye size is unchanged, observers judge the size of the eyes to be different from that in the original face frame. In the current study, we asked Chinese and Caucasian participants to judge eye size in different pairs of faces and measured the magnitude of the illusion when the faces were own- or other-age (adult vs. infant faces) and when the faces were own- or other-race (Chinese vs. Caucasian faces). We found an other-age effect and an other-race effect with the eye-size illusion: The illusion was more pronounced with own-race and own-age faces than with other-race and other-age faces. These findings taken together suggest that visual experience with faces influences the magnitude of this novel illusion. Extensive experience with certain face categories strengthens the illusion in the context of these categories, but lack of it reduces the magnitude of the illusion. Our results further imply that holistic processing may play an important role in engendering the eye-size illusion.

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The other-race effect: Holistic coding differences and beyond

Cited by 81 publications

References 50 publications

The other-race effect in perception and recognition: Insights from the complete composite task.

The other-race effect in perception and recognition: Insights from the complete composite task.

The composite face illusion

Effects of visual expertise on a novel eye-size illusion: Implications for holistic face processing

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