The Outcome and Patterns of Traumatic Brain Injury in the Paediatric Population of a Developing Country Secondary to TV Trolley Tip-Over

Abstract

Background: Television (TV) trolley tip-over incidences are common and can cause significant morbidity and mortality in children. This study was aimed at analyzing the pattern and outcomes of head injuries resulting from TV trolley tip-over. Method: We conducted a medical chart review of children with TV trolley tip-over head injuries from January 2009 to April 2016. We collected data on demographics, the mechanism of injury, clinical and radiological features of the injury, and outcomes. Outcomes were measured by means of the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 6 months (except in 1 case). A descriptive analysis was carried out using SPSS v19. Result: Twenty-two children were included in the study (median age 23.5 months). Sixteen children were male. Most of the children (n = 16) were aged 12-35 months. The median Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission was 15. The median Rotterdam Score for the patients was 2.0. Common symptoms upon admission were vomiting, irritability, scalp laceration, and bruises. Median length of hospital stay was 3 days. Skull bone fractures were present in 12 children. Other CT findings included contusions, extradural and subdural haematomas, intraventricular haemorrhage, and pneumocranium. Surgical intervention was required in 4 cases. Although most of the patients made a good recovery (GOS = 5), 1 patient developed a mild disability and another died in hospital. Conclusion: TV trolley tip-over is most common in toddlers and can lead to significant head injury and mortality. This can be avoided by parental supervision and adjustments in the household.

Unintentional injuries: A profile of hospitalization and risk factors for in-hospital mortality in Beijing, China

“…Studies of nonfatal UIs are an important part of the overall picture of UIs [6,7]. Although much is known about fatal injuries via the vital registry system, there are limited data on nonfatal injuries in LMICs, with most information being based on questionnaire surveys and trauma registries or focused on a select group of injuries or population [8][9][10][11][12]. Although the National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) was built in China since 2006, it includes only 126 hospitals with limited representation and collects information using hard-copy forms, which leads to poor availability of real-time data [13].…”

Injury Biomechanics of a Child’s Head: Problems, Challenges and Possibilities with a New aHEAD Finite Element Model

“…After major head trauma, CT scans reveal skull fractures of different magnitudes in over 50% of clinically not silent lesions [103], followed by a similar number of brain concussions and brain edema. Less often, a posttraumatic SDH and EDH are found [103,104]. Due to the difficulty of obtaining CT images from healthy children, the authors only had magnetic resonance images.…”