The overexpression of asparagine synthetase A from E. coli affects the nitrogen status in leaves of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and enhances vegetative growth

Giannino, Donato; Nicolodi, Chiara; Testone, Giulio; Frugis, Giovanna; Pace, Emanuela; Santamaria, Pietro; Guardasole, Mauro; Mariotti, D.

doi:10.1007/s10681-007-9506-3

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Additional determinations showed that in AS-A-overexpressing lines, leaf protein content and dry weight were 1.2-to 1.4-fold and 1.3-fold higher, respectively, than those in wild-type plants (Giannino et al, 2008). Overexpression of this enzyme in other leafy crops needs to be assessed to study a possible positive effect on NUE.…”

Section: Genetic Modifications Involving Transcription Factors and Otmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biotechnology of nutrient uptake and assimilation in plants

et al. 2013

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Plants require a complex balance of mineral nutrients to reproduce successfully. Because the availability of many of these nutrients in the soil is compromised by several factors, such as soil pH, cation presence, and microbial activity, crop plants depend directly on nutrients applied as fertilizers to achieve high yields. However, the excessive use of fertilizers is a major environmental concern due to nutrient leaching that causes water eutrophication and promotes toxic algae blooms. This situation generates the urgent need for crop plants with increased nutrient use efficiency and better-designed fertilization schemes. The plant biology revolution triggered by the development of efficient gene transfer systems for plant cells together with the more recent development of next-generation DNA and RNA sequencing and other omics platforms have advanced considerably our understanding on the molecular basis of plant nutrition and how plants respond to nutritional stress. To date, genes encoding sensors, transcription factors, transporters, and metabolic enzymes have been identified as potential candidates to improve nutrient use efficiency. In addition, the study of other genetic resources, such as bacteria and fungi, allows the identification of alternative mechanisms of nutrient assimilation, which are potentially applicable in plants. Although significant progress in this respect has been achieved by conventional breeding, in this review we focus on the biotechnological approaches reported to date aimed at boosting the use of the three most limiting nutrients in the majority of arable lands: nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron.

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Section: Genetic Modifications Involving Transcription Factors and Otmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biotechnology of nutrient uptake and assimilation in plants

et al. 2013

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“…and is considered soluble in both acidic and alkaline media. ASN has a high N:C ratio (2:4) and great stability, which make it a more economical substance mainly for N-transport and storage in a wide range of living organisms (Giannino et al, 2008;Yang et al, 2011). This point has been ascertained when growing plants were exposed to conditions of excessive NH 3 , such as higher dose of N-fertilizer, and/or under treatments which impose C-limitations, such as subjection to darkness.…”

Section: Role Of Asparagine In Nodule Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asparagine: an amide of particular distinction in the regulation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation of legumes

Sulieman¹,

Tran²

2012

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology

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“…The transgenic plants with AS-A had new traits, such as a higher leaf number, wider leaf surface and seed germination, formation and development of leaves, bolting and flowering which occurred earlier than the wild-type [16]. The metabolic profile of the transgenic plants also changed accumulating inulins, a polysaccharide beneficial for human health with industrial and medical uses [17,18].…”

Section: Translation From Microorganism Platforms To Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The change in the characteristics of key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism of plants, such as glutamine or asparagine synthetases, could improve NUE. In this regard, although protein engineering techniques were not carried out, it has been shown that Lactuca sativa plants transformed with the gene coding for the asparagine synthetase A from Escherichia coli (AS-A), which has different characteristics to the asparagine synthetase of plants, which exhibit an improved NUE [16].…”

Section: Crop Yield Increase: Photosynthesis Engineering (Rubisco) Nuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transgenic tobacco plants were fully autotrophic and reproductive, although under CO 2 supplementation. In other case, the Lactuca sativa plants have been transformed with gene coding for the asparagine synthetase A (EC 6.3.1.1) from Escherichia coli (AS-A) [16]. This enzyme mainly uses ammonium to produce asparagines, a key amino acid in the nitrogen and carbon metabolisms of plants.…”

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confidence: 99%

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New Challenges and Opportunities of Protein Engineering in Plants

Cañas¹

2012

Enz Eng

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Enzyme EngineeringEnzyme engineering brings our society with an excellent opportunity to advance. The use of these techniques in chemical and pharmaceutical industries has changed our world, and opens new possibilities [1]. Enzyme engineering techniques have been widely used in microorganisms, improving chemical processes due to their diversity in species, lifestyles and metabolic reactions, which make possible the discovery of new enzymes having new interesting characteristics (e.g. an enzyme with a known function more thermostable), or catalyzing new reactions [2]. Moreover, the expression of recombinant proteins in bacteria is routinely done.But in plants, the use of protein engineering techniques is very limited at this moment. Maybe the main reason of this has been the difficulty to make transgenic crop plants, and the limited number of full sequenced genomes compared to microorganisms until now. Although at present, it is possible to transform almost all crop plants [3], including some trees like poplar [4] and pine [5,6], and the number of full sequenced genomes of plant species is highly increased in the last years; thanks to next generation sequencing techniques [7]. In the present moment, we have enough technology to attend the protein engineering in plants.The plant domestication constituted the major revolution of all in the human history [8]. Now, the plants are essential for the humanity in different ways. They support the human nutrition, but also are the source of raw materials (wood, pulp, etc), chemicals (biofuels, etc) and pharmaceuticals (acetylsalicylic acid, etc). Nowadays, the human population is increasing, so the demands for food, combustible and raw materials are also increasing, which can cause short-medium term famine and scarcity [9]. The use of enzyme engineering techniques in plants could contribute to palliate these global problems by improving crop yield and qualities. The Genome Era: Identification of New Genes/EnzymesThe genome era makes possible to identify new genes and protein functions, in a way never thought, until this moment. In plants, it is estimated that the number of protein of unknown function is higher than in the rest of organism, constituting over 50% of the total [10]. A great portion could encode for enzymes and transporters. Many of these proteins of unknown function are part of conserved families shared between bacteria, plants, and other eukaryotes [11]. On this way, the comparative genomics becomes an excellent tool to predict functions and guide experimental validation [10,12].In plants, this amount of proteins of unknown function can constitute a near unlimited source of new enzymes with new catalytic capacities, which can be used for enzyme and metabolic engineering. It is known that plants have an enormous chemical diversity, which confers a great potential to work with enzymes with new functions [13]. Obviously, the diversity of secondary metabolites in plants must be correlated with an exceptional number of enzymes catalyzing the synthesis and degra...

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The overexpression of asparagine synthetase A from E. coli affects the nitrogen status in leaves of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and enhances vegetative growth

Cited by 30 publications

References 48 publications

Biotechnology of nutrient uptake and assimilation in plants

Biotechnology of nutrient uptake and assimilation in plants

Asparagine: an amide of particular distinction in the regulation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation of legumes

New Challenges and Opportunities of Protein Engineering in Plants

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