The overlap between dissociative symptoms and symptom over-reporting

Giesbrecht, Timo; Kloet, D. Heugten-van der; Jong, J.T.V.M. de; Meyer, Thomas; Rietman, K.

doi:10.4321/s0213-61632015000300001

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It is possible that sleep influences such pathways. This notion is supported by empirical studies from other populations that have, a) observed sleep dysfunction to influence dissociative states 26, 27 and; b) reported an association between dissociation and the number of reported somatic symptoms 28,29 .…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 54%

A preliminary investigation of sleep quality in functional neurological disorders: Poor sleep appears common, and is associated with functional impairment

Graham

Kyle

2017

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 54%

A preliminary investigation of sleep quality in functional neurological disorders: Poor sleep appears common, and is associated with functional impairment

Graham

Kyle

2017

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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“…We calculated the DES II and DES-C correlations with subscales and total scores on the Traumatic Experiences Checklist. As seen in Table 1 dissociation and trauma scales (see Merckelbach et al, 2015). In Figure 1.2, we plot the DES II against total trauma composite score.…”

Section: Descriptive Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…stronger in highly trauma-exposed individuals, and that high-trauma outliers did not inflate the size of the correlation (cf. Merckelbach et al, 2015).…”

Section: Loess Line Demonstrates That the Relationship Between Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, we investigate the link between social desirability response/self-presentation bias and dissociation to provide evidence for discriminant validity, as we would not expect dissociation to be robustly associated with such a bias. We also consider whether (a) correlations are over-inflated by a subgroup of participants that over-endorse symptoms on both dissociation and trauma scales (see Merckelbach et al, 2015), and (b) the influence of floor effects of trauma on the potential link between trauma and dissociation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Psychometric Comparison of Dissociative Experiences Scales II and C: A Weak Trauma‐Dissociation Link

Patihis

Lynn

2017

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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The debate regarding the relationship between dissociation and trauma has raised questions regarding the validity of measures of dissociation. Dalenberg et al.'s (2012) meta-analysis included studies using the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES II), but excluded the DES-Comparison (DES-C) scale, claiming that it lacked validity as a measure of dissociation. contended that omitting those studies might have skewed the results. In the current study, we compared the psychometric properties of both measures in two nonclinical US adult (student, general population) samples to evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity of the scales. We found support for the DES-II as a measure of dissociation as well as the validity and reliability of the DES-C, which compares well to the DES II. Compared with studies in Dalenberg et al., we found lower correlations between trauma and dissociation. No empirical basis exists to exclude studies using the DES-C in literature reviews. 3 Psychometric Comparison of the Dissociative Experiences Scale II and C: Evaluating The Trauma-Dissociation Link Researchers have long debated the magnitude and meaning of the relation between trauma and dissociative experiences. Carlson et al. (1993) described dissociative experiences as "the lack of integration of thoughts, feelings, and experiences" into consciousness (p. 1030). The classic and widely prevalent trauma theory of dissociation holds that a causal link exists between early life adverse experiences (e.g., childhood sexual and physical abuse) and dissociation (see Janet, 1887, 1889/1973). Nevertheless, in the past few decades researchers have challenged the extent to which trauma causes dissociative symptoms and have identified sociocognitive variables as precursors of dissociative experiences (e.g., suggestions, suggestibility, false memories, fantasy-proneness, and cultural views of dissociative phenomena; see Spanos, 1994; Lilienfeld et al. 1999; Lynn, Lilienfeld, Merckelbach, Giesbrecht, & van der Kloet, 2012). In contrast to the sociocognitive view, Dalenberg et al.'s (2012) meta-analysis and review claimed to demonstrate a strong relationship between trauma and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES II; Carlson & Putnam, 1993). They excluded all studies that had used an alternative version of the DES, the DES-Comparison (Wright & Loftus, 1999)-a choice that Lynn et al. (2014) challenged. In the current studies, we compare the validity and reliability of the DES II and DES-C in two nonclinical samples, and further examine the relation between trauma and dissociation. Dalenberg et al.'s (2012) meta-analysis included studies that used the DES II, the most widely used measure of dissociative experiences (Condon & Lynn, 2014). The DES II possesses high test-retest reliability (r = .84; Bernstein & Putnam, 1986) and internal consistency (e.g., split half: .93, Pitblado & Sanders, 1991; Cronbach's alpha: .95, Frischholz et al., 1990). The DES II & DES-C 4 DES II also correlates with measures that provide evidence for construct validit...

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“…This nomenclature trivializes other potential hypotheses about the origins of dissociation. For example, sleep problems (Van der Kloet et al, 2012), deficient affect regulation (Briere & Runtz, 2015), and response bias (Merckelbach et al, 2015) may all be antecedents of dissociative symptom reports. The concept of "trauma-related dissociation" obscures these alternative pathways to dissociation and in doing so, makes an impartial likelihood approach difficult to entertain.…”

Section: The Brand Et Al Articles Give a Biased Theory And Advicementioning

confidence: 99%

Why “Trauma-Related Dissociation” Is a Misnomer in Courts: a Critical Analysis of Brand et al. (2017a, b)

Patihis

2018

Psychol. Inj. and Law

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Forensic psychologists are sometimes faced with the task of educating triers of fact about the evidential weight of dissociative experiences reported by claimants in litigation procedures. In their two-part essay, Brand et al. (2017a,b) provide advice to experts who find themselves in such situation. We argue that the Brand et al. approach is problematic and might induce confirmation bias in experts. Their approach is not well connected to the extant literature on recovered memories, dissociative amnesia, memory distortions, and symptom validity testing. In some instances, Brand et al. (2017a,b) simplify the current body of knowledge about dissociation; in other instances, they ignore relevant empirical studies to an extent that is worrisome.

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The overlap between dissociative symptoms and symptom over-reporting

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

A preliminary investigation of sleep quality in functional neurological disorders: Poor sleep appears common, and is associated with functional impairment

A preliminary investigation of sleep quality in functional neurological disorders: Poor sleep appears common, and is associated with functional impairment

Psychometric Comparison of Dissociative Experiences Scales II and C: A Weak Trauma‐Dissociation Link

Why “Trauma-Related Dissociation” Is a Misnomer in Courts: a Critical Analysis of Brand et al. (2017a, b)

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