The Overlap in the Genetic Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Kamiya, Toshio

doi:10.1007/s10620-013-2936-y

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The mucosa enables the GI tract to perform its main functions: digestion and absorption of nutrients from the diet, protection of the body against physical and chemical damage from luminal contents, and provision of immunity against them [5,6] . The lining is made up of a single layer of epithelial cells.…”

Section: Structure and Function Of The Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The small intestinal epithelium is extensively folded to provide a very large absorptive surface area, resulting in distinct villus and crypt regions. The mucosa contains several types of cells: enterocytes, Paneth, goblet, and enteroendocrine [5][6][7][8] . A large proportion (80%) of the mucosal cells are enterocytes whose main role is the absorption of nutrients and unconjugated bile salts.…”

Section: Structure and Function Of The Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large proportion (80%) of the mucosal cells are enterocytes whose main role is the absorption of nutrients and unconjugated bile salts. They may also be involved in chemical processing of food and cooperate with other cells in the induction of immunological tolerance to the ingested proteins [5,6] . Paneth cells synthesize and secrete substantial quantities of antimicrobial peptides which are key mediators of host-microbe interactions, including homeostatic balance with colonizing microbiota and innate immune protection from enteric pathogens [5,8] .…”

Section: Structure and Function Of The Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the colon, the surface goblet cells secrete continuously to maintain the inner mucus layer, whereas goblet cells of the colonic and small intestinal crypts secrete upon stimulation such as after endocytosis or in response to acetylcholine [7] . Thus, the mucus system itself and the regulation of its secretion differ between the small and the large intestine [5,7] . Enteroendocrine cells, distributed throughout the GI tract, form a large endocrine organ to aid in the control of GI secretion and motility, the regulation of food intake, postprandial glucose levels, and metabolism.…”

Section: Structure and Function Of The Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these diseases, a variety of therapies are used to attain remission of the symptoms and/or avoid relapse once the patient is in remission. The current understanding of the pathology suggests that oxidative stress may contribute to these diseases [5] . This review contains a critical appraisal of the efficacies of these supplements based on the available literature on human trials.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant Supplements and Gastrointestinal Diseases: A Critical Appraisal

2017

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The gastrointestinal tract digests and absorbs dietary nutrients, protects the body against physical and chemical damage from contents in its lumen, provides immunity against external antigens, and keeps an optimum environment for the gut microbiota. These functions cannot be performed normally in several diseases of which the following are discussed here: irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease, which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Because these diseases are associated with oxidative stress, a host of antioxidant supplements are used for maintenance and recovery of the gut functions. However, the benefits of these supplements have not been established. The available 80 human trials were rated for levels of confidence and for benefits of the antioxidant supplements. For Crohn's disease, the supplements for which clear benefits occurred in at least 2 studies were allopurinol, Boswellia serrata (frankincense or shallaki), Artemesia species (wormwood), Tripterygium wilfordii (léi gōng téng), and omega-3 fatty acids. Similar beneficial supplements for ulcerative colitis were allopurinol, Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile), Curcuma longa (curcumin in turmeric), and omega-3 fatty acids. There was also a clear benefit for ulcerative colitis in 2 studies where a multiherbal Chinese medicine preparation and an Ayurvedic medicine preparation were used. For irritable bowel syndrome, there was only a marginal benefit of some of the antioxidant supplements. Thus, some antioxidant supplements may be beneficial at certain stages of specific diseases. This is consistent with the current concept that antioxidants act by inhibiting oxidative stress pathways in a tissue- and environment-specific manner and not by simply acting as scavengers.

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Section: Structure and Function Of The Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%