The oxen of <scp>O</scp>xon <scp>H</scp>ill <scp>M</scp>anor: Pathological analyses and cattle husbandry in eighteenth‐century <scp>M</scp>aryland

Dietmeier, Jenna Kay Carlson

doi:10.1002/oa.2667

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Sub-pathological and pathological changes were recorded on phalanges and metapodials using an age-independent modified pathological index (mPI) following existing conventions [ 14 , 15 , 39 ], where a bone exhibiting no change has a mPI of 0, and one with the maximum score has a mPI of 1. Figure 2 illustrates some of the most severe examples of exostoses and lipping, but other recorded characters include eburnation, broadening of articulations, and plantar depressions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Close Companions? A Zooarchaeological Study of the Human–Cattle Relationship in Medieval England

Holmes

Hamerow

Thomas

2021

Animals

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Across medieval Europe, cattle commanded a major, if shifting, economic and social value, and their use for meat, milk, and traction is well established. Although the changing roles of cattle throughout this period may have influenced relationships between humans and cattle, this has been largely neglected in historical and zooarchaeological studies. Data from nearly 700 archaeological assemblages of animal remains have been used to provide an overview of the herd structures (age and sex) of cattle populations for England between AD 450 and 1400. These have been analysed alongside pathological and sub-pathological changes in over 2800 lower limb bones of cattle from seventeen archaeological sites to provide a better understanding of the use of cattle for ploughing, hauling, and carting. The findings were considered alongside historical documents and ethnographic evidence to chart changing human–cattle relationships. Results indicate that human–cattle relations varied with changing economic, agricultural, and social practices. From the mid-fifth century, cattle were a form of portable wealth, however, by the mid-ninth century, they were perceived as a commodity with monetary value. From this period, close human–cattle bonds are likely to have been widespread between plough hands and working animals. Such bonds are may have diminished with the increasing number of young beef cattle kept to supply the urban population from the mid-eleventh century.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Close Companions? A Zooarchaeological Study of the Human–Cattle Relationship in Medieval England

Holmes

Hamerow

Thomas

2021

Animals

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“…1. Pathological and sub-pathological changes to cattle feet (metapodials and phalanges) based on an existing system used to identify draught cattle (Bartosiewicz et al, 1997), modified to remove age-related data (Thomas et al, 2021) and to allow the use of fragmentary metapodials (Carlson Dietmeier, 2018). Analysis produced a modified pathological index (mPI) for each anatomical element, which is a score of deformation ranging from 0, meaning no change, to 1, denoting the most severe possible change (Holmes et al, 2021c).…”

Section: The Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%