The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization

Meat and Nicotinamide: A Causal Role in Human Evolution, History, and Demographics

“…Rome's population peaked at 500 000 persons -numbers not to be attained again for several centuries in European cities. [212][213][214][215][216][217][218][219] Augustus was so concerned about the falling birth rate among the wealthy, who ate large amounts of meat that in 19 bc, he penalised the childless; the overall phenomenon (later picked up by Doubleday) is well documented by Polybius who predicted that this loss of fertility would affect the ability of Rome to remain masters of the world. Declining numbers across the Western Empire were evident from the spread of agri deserti ('abandoned fields') and abandoned villas.…”

Memories of humiliation, cultures of resentment towards Edom and the formation of ancient Jewish national identity

“…The role of enmity in the development of national ideas in the ancient world, even if less clear, was also prominent. Although the idea of nation was present in ancient Athens (Cohen ; Roshwald : 22–30) and took definitive force during the Persian Wars, it never transcended the city‐state particularisms, so there was never a true Greek national identity (Grosby : 32; Hornblower and Spawforth : 488–9; Kohn : 52–3; Motyl : 200). It is during the Punic Wars, however, when we have the clearest evidence of prolonged resentment between both sides in war.…”

Phylogenetic Analysis of Maternal Lineages in Modern-Day Breeds of British Canis lupus familiaris

“…The node(s) most closely located to the midpoint on Figure 1 & Figure 2 belong to the group of hounds; including the beagle, greyhound, whippet, and the Scottish deerhound, respectively. It may be worth noting that early historical accounts describe native British dogs that are hound-like in appearance (Short, 2009& Hornblower et al, 2014. For instance, small hounds are mentioned in the Forest Laws of Canute (Short, 2009& Hannas, 1978.…”