The Oxford Handbook of Expertise

Abstract

The purpose of this Handbook is to provide a comprehensive picture of the field of Expertise Studies. We offer both traditional and contemporary perspectives, and importantly, a multidiscipline-multimethod view of the science and engineering research on expertise. We present different perspectives, theories, and methods of conducting expertise research, all of which have had an impact in helping us better understanding expertise across a broad range of domains. The Handbook also describes how researchers and practitioners have addressed practical problems and societal challenges. We have sought to demonstrate the heterogeneity of approaches and conceptions of expertise, to place current views of expertise in context, to show how these views can be used to address current issues, and to examine ways to advance the study of expertise.

Coaching adaptive skill and expertise in Premier League football academies—paving a way forward for research and practice

“…In the context of coaching this refers to the amalgamation of knowledge of the person they are coaching, the sport, their pedagogy, and the curriculum they create ( 35 , 36 ; see Figure 1 ). However, Gary Klein ( 37 ) has suggested this is a misinterpretation of the relationship those with expertise have with knowledge, which is nicely summarised by Ward et al ( 38 ) below;…”

Cognitive science in the evaluation of medical AI systems

“…Abductive reasoning, where deduction and induction are intermixed, is often used in a natural clinical setting, supporting the generation of hypotheses or explanations based on incomplete data. 2 Of course, a physician’s thinking process is also prone to errors and biases that can affect the quality and safety of healthcare. Therefore, physicians need to be aware of their cognitive strengths and limitations and must seek ways to improve their skills to overcome cognitive challenges.…”

“…My colleagues and I have undertaken several studies using verbal think-aloud methods to investigate the nature of reasoning using clinical systems, including the associated effects of expertise and decision-making skills. 2 8 During the think-aloud process, the subjects’ statements, revealing what they are thinking as they do their clinical tasks, are audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using methods of natural language coding. Due to misunderstanding this process, some think-aloud data have been collected retrospectively, where the subject can reconstruct the information in memory (with potential for memory distortion).…”