The Oxidation of Ferritic Stainless Steels in Simulated Solid-Oxide Fuel-Cell Atmospheres

Hammer, Julie E.; Laney, Scot; Jackson, Richard W.; Coyne, K.; Pettit, F. S.; Meier, G. H.

doi:10.1007/s11085-006-9041-y

Cited by 106 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…8) that in the area of the scale outer surface identified sulphur is always accompanied by Mn and O 2 . Mn quickly diffuses through the scale layer (probably by grain boundary) [9][10][11] and on the surface it reacts with SO 2 forming MnS and MnO in accordance with the reaction (6). 3Mn þ SO 2 !…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Morphology Analysis of the Scale Formed on Crofer 22APU Steel in Atmospheres Containing SO2

Żurek

Jaroń

Homa³

2011

Oxid Met

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This work presents the results of a morphology analysis of the scale formed on Crofer 22APU steel at high temperature in atmospheres containing SO 2 . The studies of steel oxidation were conducted on pre-oxidised and non-pre-oxidised steel within the temperature range of 700-900°C in a mixture of air of a varying SO 2 content and in pure air. In the case of oxidation in pure air it was established that on the surface of the Crofer 22APU a two-layer scale is formed. The outer layer of the scale contains MnCr 2 O 4 , whereas the inner layer contains Cr 2 O 3 . The scale formed in the atmosphere containing SO 2 is also comprised of two layers (outer MnCr 2 O 4 and inner Cr 2 O 3 ). The analyses were carried out with the use of the 35 S isotope. The analyses of the phase composition and morphology of the formed scale were conducted with the use of SEM/EDX and TEM.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Morphology Analysis of the Scale Formed on Crofer 22APU Steel in Atmospheres Containing SO2

Żurek

Jaroń

Homa³

2011

Oxid Met

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“…The ferritic stainless steel grade Crofer 22 APU alloys were used to investigate the effect of wet CO 2 gas in 700 o C. The chemical compositions of ferritic stainless steel grade Crofer 22 APU were illustrated in TABLE (1). Samples with an approximate thickness of 2 mm were cut and mechanically polished up to 1200 grit finish and cleaned using ethanol before subjected to high temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metals and alloys are oxidized when heated to elevated environments, such as in ease of combustion. These combustion products thus consist mainly of O 2 , N 2 , CO 2 and H 2 O [1][2]. Materials that can resist against hot gases rich of CO 2 are required in various carbon capture technologies presently being developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation behaviour of ferritic stainless steel grade Crofer 22 APU at 700 °C in flowing Ar−75%CO2−12%H2O

Shariff¹,

Othman²,

Jalar³

2013

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The oxidation of Ferritic Stainless Steel (FSS) grade Crofer 22 APU has been investigated. FSS alloys were exposed to isothermal conditions in a horizontal tube furnace at a 700 °C in flowing Ar-75%CO 2 -12%H 2 O at a pressure of approximately 1 atm. The results showed that the growth of non protective Fe 2 O 3 and spinel was observed after 50 h exposure in the presence of 12% H 2 O. The weight was increased significantly with time of exposure. The formation of different oxides is presented on the interface of the specimen such as MnCr 2 O 4 , Fe 3 O 4 and Fe 2 O 3 were revealed by X-ray diffraction and supported by EDAX analysis. FSS did not form a protective Cr 2 O 3 layer due to water vapour accelerates the kinetics oxidation. Data of microstructure observation is presented and discussed in this paper in term of water vapour effects.

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“…Cr 2 O 3 scale protectiveness capability can be degraded by the volatilization of Cr 2 O 3 [11] . This problem is one of the major limitations on the high temperature use of Cr 2 O 3 forming alloys which is more serious in rapidly flowing gases [12]. Asteman's [13] Equation (2) represents reaction that occurs in dry environment while equation (3) and (4) are in wet.…”

Section: Mass Change Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of water vapor on protectiveness of Cr₂O₃ scale at 1073 K

Arifin

Hamid

Berahim

et al. 2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. Fe-Cr alloy is commonly being used as boiler tube's material. It is subjected to prolonged exposure to water vapor oxidation. The ability to withstand high temperature corrosion can normally be attributed to the formation of a dense and slow growing Cr-richoxide scale known as chromia, Cr 2 O 3 scale. However, oxidation may limit the alloy's service lifetime due to decreasing of its protectiveness capability. This paper is to presents an experimental study of thermo gravimetric and Fourier transform infrared analysis of Cr 2 O 3 at 1073 K in dry and humid environment. Samples were used from commercially available Cr 2 O 3 powder. It was cold-pressed into pellet shape of 12 mm diameter and 3 mm thick with hydraulic press for 40 min at 48 MPa. It then sintered at 1173 K in inert gas environment for 8 h. The samples are cooled and placed in 5 mm diameter platinum pan. It is subjected to reaction in dry and wet environment at 1073 K by applying 100%-Ar and Ar-5%H 2 gas. Each reaction period is 48 h utilizing Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer, TGA to quantify the mass changes. After the reaction, the samples then characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FT-IR and Field Emission Electron Scanning Microscopy, FE-SEM. The TGA result shows mass decreasing ratio of Cr 2 O 3 in wet (P H 2 O =9.5x10 5 Pa) and dry environment is at a factor of 1.2 while parabolic rate at 1.4. FT-IR results confirmed that water vapor significantly broaden the peaks, thus promotes the volatilization of Cr 2 O 3 in wet sample. FESEM shows mostly packed and intact in dry while in wet sample, slightly porous particle arrangement compare to dry. It is concluded that water vapor species decreased Cr 2 O 3 protectiveness capability.

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The Oxidation of Ferritic Stainless Steels in Simulated Solid-Oxide Fuel-Cell Atmospheres

Cited by 106 publications

References 30 publications

Morphology Analysis of the Scale Formed on Crofer 22APU Steel in Atmospheres Containing SO2

Morphology Analysis of the Scale Formed on Crofer 22APU Steel in Atmospheres Containing SO2

Oxidation behaviour of ferritic stainless steel grade Crofer 22 APU at 700 °C in flowing Ar−75%CO2−12%H2O

Effects of water vapor on protectiveness of Cr₂O₃ scale at 1073 K

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The Oxidation of Ferritic Stainless Steels in Simulated Solid-Oxide Fuel-Cell Atmospheres

Cited by 106 publications

References 30 publications

Morphology Analysis of the Scale Formed on Crofer 22APU Steel in Atmospheres Containing SO2

Morphology Analysis of the Scale Formed on Crofer 22APU Steel in Atmospheres Containing SO2

Oxidation behaviour of ferritic stainless steel grade Crofer 22 APU at 700 °C in flowing Ar−75%CO2−12%H2O

Effects of water vapor on protectiveness of Cr2O3 scale at 1073 K

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Effects of water vapor on protectiveness of Cr₂O₃ scale at 1073 K