The oxidation of metals

Lawless, K. R.

doi:10.1088/0034-4885/37/2/002

Cited by 365 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 292 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

169

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Octahedral interstitial ordering of oxygen increases the microhardness [58] and embrittlement [74], and therefore, promotes stress corrosion cracking. However, as it will be demonstrated later, oxygen can be very beneficial for reducing the hydrogen uptake under certain conditions, [71].…”

Section: Suboxides Of Zirconiummentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The oxygen vacancy concentration in zirconia, which influences the transport of oxygen through the oxide lattice, is higher in the tetragonal phase (2-3 mol %) than in the monoclinic phase (<2 mol %). The tetragonal → monoclinic phase transformation takes place with a volume increase of about 7% and has a significant impact on the corrosion behavior of Zr-based alloys [71].…”

Section: Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modeling of Some Physical Properties of Zirconium Alloys for Nuclear Applications in Support of UFD Campaign

Glazoff¹

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Zirconium-based alloys Zircaloy-2 and Zircaloy-4 are widely used in the nuclear industry as cladding materials for light water reactor (LWR) fuels. These materials display a very good combination of properties such as low neutron absorption, creep behavior, stress-corrosion cracking resistance, reduced hydrogen uptake, corrosion and/or oxidation, especially in the case of Zircaloy-4. However, over the last couple of years, in the post-Fukushima Daiichi world, energetic efforts have been undertaken to improve fuel clad oxidation resistance during off-normal temperature excursions. Efforts have also been made to improve upon the already achieved levels of mechanical behavior and reduce hydrogen uptake. In order to facilitate the development of such novel materials, it is very important to achieve not only engineering control, but also a scientific understanding of the underlying material degradation mechanisms, both in working conditions and in storage of used nuclear fuel.This report strives to contribute to these efforts by constructing the thermodynamic models of both alloys; constructing of the respective phase diagrams, and oxidation mechanisms. A special emphasis was placed upon the role of zirconium suboxides in hydrogen uptake reduction and the atomic mechanisms of oxidation. To that end, computational thermodynamics calculations were conducted concurrently with first-principles atomistic modeling.

show abstract

Section: Suboxides Of Zirconiummentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Some Physical Properties of Zirconium Alloys for Nuclear Applications in Support of UFD Campaign

Glazoff¹

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The effects of oxide film growth on contaminant transport to the Fe 0 surface have not been properly investigated. Background knowledge in this area comes primarily from two fields (1) atmospheric and immersed corrosion [26][27][28][29][30] (2) subsurface pipe corrosion [31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE PROCESS OF CONTAMINANT REMOVAL IN FE⁰–H₂O SYSTEMS

Noubactep¹

2008

Environmental Technology

344

308

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A central aspect of the contaminant removal by elemental iron materials (Fe 0 or Fe 0 materials) is that reduction reactions are mediated by the iron surface (direct reduction). This premise was introduced by the pioneers of the reactive wall technology and is widely accepted by the scientific community. In the meantime enough evidence has been provided to suggest that contaminant reduction through primary corrosion products (secondary reductants) does indeed occur (indirect reduction). It was shown for decades that iron corrosion in the pH range of natural waters (4-9) inevitably yields an obstructive oxide film of corrosion products at the metal surface (oxide film). Therefore, contaminant adsorption on to corrosion products and contaminant co-precipitation with corrosion products inevitably occurs. For adsorbed and coprecipitated contaminants to be directly reduced the oxide film should be electronic conductive. This study argues through a literature review a series of points which ultimately lead to the conclusion that, if any quantitative contaminant reduction occurs in the presence of Fe 0 materials, it takes place within the matrix of corrosion products and is not necessarily a direct reduction. It is concluded that Fe 0 materials act both as source of corrosion products for contaminant adsorption/coprecipitation and as a generator of Fe II and H 2 (H) for possible catalytic contaminant reduction.

show abstract

“…In this expression, molar heat capacities of ZrO 2 and Zr, respectively. If the rate of oxidation is limited by diffusion of oxygen through the oxide layer, which is expected for our experimental conditions [100,101], growth of the oxide layer is described by the following equation [100]:…”

Section: Experimental Details and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning AC Nanocalorimetry and Its Applications

Xiao

Vlassak

2016

Fast Scanning Calorimetry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This thesis presents an AC nanocalorimetry technique that enables calorimetry measurements on very small quantities of materials over a wide range of scanning rates (from isothermal to 3×10^3 K/s), temperatures (up to 1200 K), and environments. Such working range bridges the gap between traditional scanning calorimetry of bulk materials and nanocalorimetry. The method relies on a micromachined nanocalorimeter with negligible thermal lags between heater, thermometer, and sample. The ability to perform calorimetry measurements over such a broad range of scanning rates makes it an ideal tool to characterize the kinetics of phase transformations, reactions at elevated temperatures or to explore the behavior of materials far from equilibrium. We By combining scanning DC and AC nano-calorimetry techniques, we study the nucleation behavior of undercooled liquid Bi at cooling rates ranging from 10^1 to 10^4 K/s. Upon initial melting, the Bi thin-film sample breaks up into isolated islands. The number of islands in a typical sample is sufficiently large that highly repeatable nucleation behavior is observed, despite the stochastic nature of the nucleation process.We establish a data reduction technique to evaluate the nucleation rate from DC and AC calorimetry results. The results show that the driving force for the nucleation of melted Bi is well described by classical nucleation theory over a wide range of cooling rates. The proposed technique provides a unique and efficient way to examine nucleation kinetics v with cooling rates over several orders of magnitude. The technique is quite general and can be used to evaluate reaction kinetics in other materials.Lastly, we apply the scanning AC nanocalorimetry technique to study solid-gas phase reactions by measuring the change in heat capacity of a sample during reaction. We apply this approach to evaluate the oxidation kinetics of thin-film samples of zirconium in air. The results confirm parabolic oxidation kinetics with an activation energy of 0.59±0.03 eV. The nano-calorimetry measurements were performed using a device that contains an array of micromachined nano-calorimeter sensors in an architecture designed for combinatorial studies. We demonstrate that the oxidation kinetics can be quantified using a single sample, thus enabling high-throughput mapping of the composition-dependence of the reaction rate.vi

show abstract

The oxidation of metals

Cited by 365 publications

References 292 publications

Modeling of Some Physical Properties of Zirconium Alloys for Nuclear Applications in Support of UFD Campaign

Modeling of Some Physical Properties of Zirconium Alloys for Nuclear Applications in Support of UFD Campaign

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE PROCESS OF CONTAMINANT REMOVAL IN FE⁰–H₂O SYSTEMS

Scanning AC Nanocalorimetry and Its Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The oxidation of metals

Cited by 365 publications

References 292 publications

Modeling of Some Physical Properties of Zirconium Alloys for Nuclear Applications in Support of UFD Campaign

Modeling of Some Physical Properties of Zirconium Alloys for Nuclear Applications in Support of UFD Campaign

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE PROCESS OF CONTAMINANT REMOVAL IN FE0–H2O SYSTEMS

Scanning AC Nanocalorimetry and Its Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE PROCESS OF CONTAMINANT REMOVAL IN FE⁰–H₂O SYSTEMS