“…Electrocatalysts investigated for anodic reaction in DBFCs are mainly noble metals such as platinum (Pt) [10,11], gold (Au) [12e15], palladium (Pd) [16], silver (Ag) [17,18] and alloys such as PteAu [19], PteAg [20], PteRu [21], Pt-rare earth intermetallics [22], AueCo [23,24] and Os alloys [25]. However, the restricted world supply, and the high cost of such kind of materials are barriers to their widespread use in DBFCs and therefore lower cost materials like nickel (Ni) [26] and zinc (Zn) [27] have also been tested as anode electrocatalysts in DBFCs.…”