Chemists frequently encounter problems associated with
trace palladium
in synthetic samples because palladium is widely used in synthetic
organic chemistry. We previously reported a colorimetric method for
trace palladium quantification, the only high-throughput method implemented
in the pharmaceutical industry. However, slight changes from the published
reaction conditions have caused reproducibility problems, with little
understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms. In the current study,
we took a combinatorial approach to investigate the method and found
that excess NaOH was a culprit for the lack of reproducibility. We
changed the reaction conditions and procedure accordingly, which substantially
improved reproducibility. The reaction under current conditions followed
Michaelis–Menten kinetics, allowing for predicting reaction
rates on the basis of the substrate concentrations. The current method
showed 57 and 72% average error, respectively, when drugs spiked with
known amounts of palladium and synthetic samples with unknown amounts
of palladium were analyzed. The trend of palladium concentrations
determined by the current method boded well with actual palladium
concentrations.