The oxygen reduction reaction at silver electrodes in high chloride media and the implications for silver nanoparticle toxicity

Guo, Yanjun; Yang, Minjun; Xie, Ruo‐Chen; Compton, Richard G.

doi:10.1039/d0sc04295a

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…A good substitute to platinum is silver, which has shown in alkaline media comparable ORR performance [4,[7][8][9][10][11]. The ORR occurs via 4-electron pathway on both electrode materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen reduction on silver catalysts electrodeposited on various nanocarbon supports

et al. 2021

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In this work, Ag particles were electrodeposited onto nitrogen-doped graphene oxide, graphene, multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and Vulcan carbon XC-72R supports by varying the upper potential limit. The surface morphology of the resulting Ag-based catalysts was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was tested in alkaline media employing the rotating disk electrode method. The variation of the upper potential limit influenced the size of silver nanoparticles and their number density on the substrate surface. All the Ag-based electrocatalysts studied in this work showed remarkable ORR activity in terms of half-wave potentials. The ORR results combined with hydrogen peroxide reduction results prove that all Ag catalysts tested are suitable for both reactions. Ag/NGO2 catalyst possesses the highest mass activity for ORR, which indicates a relationship between the Ag loading and electrocatalytic activity. The electroreduction of oxygen on all the electrodeposited silver catalysts follows a four-electron pathway in alkaline environment. These materials are promising alternatives for Pt/C catalyst to be used as alkaline membrane fuel cell cathodes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen reduction on silver catalysts electrodeposited on various nanocarbon supports

et al. 2021

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“…where n = 3.3 is the number of electrons exchanged for the ORR at Ag, [43] F is the Faradaic constant, D O2 ~2 × 10 À 5 cm 2 s À 1 is the diffusion coefficient for O 2 in water,…”

Section: Chemelectrochemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4] Indeed, Ag NPs can be readily obtained by the reduction of AgBr NPs (Equation 1) and display a good electrocatalytic activity for the ORR in neutral pH aqueous media (equation 2). [43] AgBr…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We selected AgBr NPs as a model system that represents easy to use precursors of metal Ag NPs, widely studied by NIE [4] . Indeed, Ag NPs can be readily obtained by the reduction of AgBr NPs (Equation 1) and display a good electrocatalytic activity for the ORR in neutral pH aqueous media (equation [43]

true normalA normalg normalB normalr + {normale}^{-} \to {normalB normalr}^{-} + normalA normalg

true O_{2} + {4 normalH}^{+} + {4 normale}^{-} \to {2 normalH}_{2} normalO

true O_{2} + {2 normalH}^{+} + {2 normale}^{-} \to {2 normalH}_{2} O_{2}

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuning the Electrode Activity to Expose Transformational and Electrocatalytic Characteristics of Individual Nanoparticles by Nanoimpact Electrochemistry

et al. 2022

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Nanoimpact electrochemistry (NIE) is a straightforward analytical technique to study at high throughput the reactivity of single nanoparticles (NPs) colliding with a biased ultramicroelectrode (UME). As NIE can reveal both NP size and catalytic activity, this strategy can be employed to establish relationships between these two NP descriptors. Herein, it is shown that the electrode material is crucial for visualizing simultaneously electrocatalytic processes and NP transformation, which can size the NPs. UMEs made of gold (Au) or glassy carbon (GC), were employed to study the reduction of AgBr NPs and the electrocatalytic activity of the resulting Ag NPs for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). With Au UME, only the transformation process is probed, allowing a quantitative analysis of the overpotential effect on the reduction dynamics of the AgBr NPs. When a GC UME is employed, the AgBr NPs reduction and subsequent ORR activity can be quantified for the very same NPs.

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“…The peaks were found to reproducibly differ by +0.48 V. Thus, this homemade reference has a potential of +0.68 V vs. NHE, in agreement with the previously reported potential of Ag/AgNO 3 reference electrode in 10 mM AgNO 3 and 90 mM NaNO 3 with a value of +0.69 V vs. NHE. 17 A glassy carbon macro disc electrode (GC, radius 1.49 mm, BAS, Technical, UK) or a silver macro-disc electrode (Ag, homemade, radius 1.13 mm) calibrated as reported in previous papers 18,23 were used as working electrodes. Both electrodes were polished using a sequence of 1.0, 0.3 and 0.05 µm alumina lapping compounds (Bucher, Germany).…”

Section: (Ii) Electrochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A bespoke reagent free amperometric chloride sensor for drinking water

Guo

Compton

2021

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The oxygen reduction reaction at silver electrodes in high chloride media and the implications for silver nanoparticle toxicity

Abstract: Superoxide produced at silver electrode in seawater.

Cited by 24 publications

References 61 publications

Oxygen reduction on silver catalysts electrodeposited on various nanocarbon supports

Oxygen reduction on silver catalysts electrodeposited on various nanocarbon supports

Tuning the Electrode Activity to Expose Transformational and Electrocatalytic Characteristics of Individual Nanoparticles by Nanoimpact Electrochemistry

A bespoke reagent free amperometric chloride sensor for drinking water

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