The Pace of Shifting Climate in Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems

Burrows, Michael T.; Schoeman, David S.; Buckley, Lauren B.; Moore, Pippa J.; Poloczanska, Elvira S.; Brander, Keith; Brown, Christopher J.; Bruno, John F.; Duarte, Carlos M.; Halpern, Benjamin S.; Holding, Johnna M.; Kappel, Carrie V.; Kiessling, Wolfgang; O’Connor, Mary I.; Pandolfi, John M.; Parmesan, Camille; Schwing, Franklin B.; Sydeman, William J.; Richardson, Anthony J.

doi:10.1126/science.1210288

Cited by 1,144 publications

(1,005 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…2006) determined by ambient temperature (Burrows et al. 2011; Stocker et al. 2013), artificial night light (Small and Elvidge 2011; Dominoni et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific variation in the relationship between clutch size, laying date and intensity of urbanization in four species of hole‐nesting birds

Vaugoyeau

Adriaensen

Artemyev

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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The increase in size of human populations in urban and agricultural areas has resulted in considerable habitat conversion globally. Such anthropogenic areas have specific environmental characteristics, which influence the physiology, life history, and population dynamics of plants and animals. For example, the date of bud burst is advanced in urban compared to nearby natural areas. In some birds, breeding success is determined by synchrony between timing of breeding and peak food abundance. Pertinently, caterpillars are an important food source for the nestlings of many bird species, and their abundance is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and date of bud burst. Higher temperatures and advanced date of bud burst in urban areas could advance peak caterpillar abundance and thus affect breeding phenology of birds. In order to test whether laying date advance and clutch sizes decrease with the intensity of urbanization, we analyzed the timing of breeding and clutch size in relation to intensity of urbanization as a measure of human impact in 199 nest box plots across Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East (i.e., the Western Palearctic) for four species of hole‐nesters: blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), great tits (Parus major), collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis), and pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). Meanwhile, we estimated the intensity of urbanization as the density of buildings surrounding study plots measured on orthophotographs. For the four study species, the intensity of urbanization was not correlated with laying date. Clutch size in blue and great tits does not seem affected by the intensity of urbanization, while in collared and pied flycatchers it decreased with increasing intensity of urbanization. This is the first large‐scale study showing a species‐specific major correlation between intensity of urbanization and the ecology of breeding. The underlying mechanisms for the relationships between life history and urbanization remain to be determined. We propose that effects of food abundance or quality, temperature, noise, pollution, or disturbance by humans may on their own or in combination affect laying date and/or clutch size.

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“…2006) determined by ambient temperature (Burrows et al. 2011; Stocker et al. 2013), artificial night light (Small and Elvidge 2011; Dominoni et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific variation in the relationship between clutch size, laying date and intensity of urbanization in four species of hole‐nesting birds

Vaugoyeau

Adriaensen

Artemyev

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Aquatic habitats tend to have less spatial variability in operative thermal conditions than terrestrial habitats, and thus aquatic organisms may be less able to behaviourally buffer themselves from changing thermal conditions relative to terrestrial taxa. Indeed, ranges of marine taxa are shifting more rapidly than those of terrestrial taxa per degree of warming [52], perhaps owing to the reduced potential for thermoregulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity in thermal tolerance has limited potential to buffer ectotherms from global warming

2015

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Global warming is increasing the overheating risk for many organisms, though the potential for plasticity in thermal tolerance to mitigate this risk is largely unknown. In part, this shortcoming stems from a lack of knowledge about global and taxonomic patterns of variation in tolerance plasticity. To address this critical issue, we test leading hypotheses for broad-scale variation in ectotherm tolerance plasticity using a dataset that includes vertebrate and invertebrate taxa from terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats. Contrary to expectation, plasticity in heat tolerance was unrelated to latitude or thermal seasonality. However, plasticity in cold tolerance is associated with thermal seasonality in some habitat types. In addition, aquatic taxa have approximately twice the plasticity of terrestrial taxa. Based on the observed patterns of variation in tolerance plasticity, we propose that limited potential for behavioural plasticity (i.e. behavioural thermoregulation) favours the evolution of greater plasticity in physiological traits, consistent with the 'Bogert effect'. Finally, we find that all ectotherms have relatively low acclimation in thermal tolerance and demonstrate that overheating risk will be minimally reduced by acclimation in even the most plastic groups. Our analysis indicates that behavioural and evolutionary mechanisms will be critical in allowing ectotherms to buffer themselves from extreme temperatures.

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“…Thus temperature thresholds are a major determinant of broad-scale kelp distribution, with their tolerance to summer maxima being critical for controlling their biogeographical boundaries (Breeman, 1988;Lünning, 1990;Schils and Wilson, 2006). Warming of the planet has accelerated in recent years and is predicted to continue over the next century (IPCC, 2001;Burrows et al, 2011). Subtidal kelp may be especially vulnerable to changes in sea surface temperature (SST) due to their cold-water affinities (Lünning, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate driven changes in subtidal kelp forest communities in NW Spain

Voerman

Llera²,

Rico

2013

Marine Environmental Research

108

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a b s t r a c tReconstructions suggest a massive decline of nearly 1400 ha of kelp forest in North Western Spain in 2007. In line with global rising temperatures, we hypothesized that Sea Surface Temperature (SST) surpassed a lethal threshold for kelp. We examined whether changes in SST correlated to the proposed decline in kelp forest. All investigated SST characteristics suggested to affect kelp abundance increased significantly during the past thirty years, reaching extreme values during the last decade. In addition over the past two decades, the landscape formerly dominated by both cold and warm temperate canopy forming and understory species changed to one dominated by warm temperate understory species, resulting in a loss of vertical community structure. Fisheries landing data of kelp associated species was used to support the suggested change in kelp abundance. Subsequent recovery of the kelp appears to be occurring in deeper waters.

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The Pace of Shifting Climate in Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems

Cited by 1,144 publications

References 38 publications

Interspecific variation in the relationship between clutch size, laying date and intensity of urbanization in four species of hole‐nesting birds

Interspecific variation in the relationship between clutch size, laying date and intensity of urbanization in four species of hole‐nesting birds

Plasticity in thermal tolerance has limited potential to buffer ectotherms from global warming

Climate driven changes in subtidal kelp forest communities in NW Spain

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