The PAH and organic content of sediment particle size fractions

Evans, Karen; Gill, R. A.; Robotham, P. W. J.

doi:10.1007/bf00211500

Cited by 120 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The organic matter content (0.17%) and porosity (0.34) in the sediment did not differ between the 2 sampling sessions, but measured logK oc differed between them, being 4.50 ± 0.07 and 4.82 ± 0.23 in sediment collected in spring and autumn, respectively. Partitioning coefficients and adsorption of PAHs depend on the organic content in the sediment (Means et al 1980), although other factors like origin, age and particle size of the organic material as well as DOM in the interstitial water may influence the affinity for PAHs in sediments having similar organic contents (Landrum et al 1987, Landrum 1989, Evans et al 1990). Furthermore, sediment sampled in the spring may have contained a larger population of microbes (unable to degrade pyrene to 14 CO 2 ) or meiofauna surviving freezing, which could account for the higher metabolite formation.…”

Section: Experimental Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature, salinity (May & Wasik 1978), pH, sediment redox conditions (Delaune et al 1981), organic content, the age of organic material (Means et al 1980, Evans et al 1990), solubility and fugacity of the individual PAHs, and the amount of light reaching the bottom (Neff 1985) all affect the incorporation, distribution and release of PAHs in sediments. The presence of biota, especially sediment-dwelling animals, also likely play an important role in the fate of PAHs in sediment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the polychaetes Nereis diversicolor and Arenicola marina on the fate and distribution of pyrene in sediments

Christensen¹,

Banta²,

Andersen³

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Effects of the polychaetes Nereis diversicolor and Arenicola marina on the distribution, metabolism and removal of [ 14 C-4, 5, 9,10]-pyrene in sediment microcosms were studied over 42 and 53 d, respectively. Unmetabolized pyrene, water-and organic-soluble pyrene metabolites were quantified in sediment, interstitial water and overlying water, and 14 CO 2 production was also assessed. Both N. diversicolor and A. marina enhanced fluxes of sediment-associated pyrene and metabolites into overlying water but to different extents. The major pathway of pyrene removal from sediments with N. diversicolor was release of water-soluble metabolites, probably formed by metabolism in N. diversicolor. In contrast, flushing of unmetabolized pyrene due to bioturbation was the major removal route from sediments with A. marina. Additionally, increased 14 CO 2 production and concentrations of water-soluble metabolites were also observed in overlying water indicating that A. marina also stimulated the metabolism of pyrene. The high production of water-soluble metabolites was probably due to endogenous metabolism in the lugworm itself, whereas the increased 14 CO 2 production indicated a stimulation of microbial metabolism. After 42 d, only 75% of the originally added amount of pyrene remained associated to sediment particles in microcosms inhabited by N. diversicolor, whereas no significant reduction was observed in microcosms with A. marina due to the necessity of using large amounts of sediment in the lugworm experiment. The actual flux of pyrene and metabolites to overlying water was higher in microcosms with A. marina than with N. diversicolor. Both A. marina and N. diversicolor significantly enhanced the removal pyrene from the sediment, but differences in feeding and life strategies resulted in different removal paths and extents.

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Section: Experimental Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the polychaetes Nereis diversicolor and Arenicola marina on the fate and distribution of pyrene in sediments

Christensen¹,

Banta²,

Andersen³

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Delbeke et al (1990) showed that PCB levels in the sediment reveal a higher affinity for the sediment size fraction < 63 µm. A study by Evans et al (1990) suggested that the organic matter content of sediment increases with decreasing particle size. Doyle et al (2003) indicated that anthropogenic organic compounds tend to sorb and concentrate in finer grained sediments such as fine silt and fine sand.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of polychlorinated biphenyls in surface sediments of the North End Lake, Port Elizabeth, South Africa

Kampire

Rubidge

Adams

2017

WSA

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The distribution and concentrations of 6 indicator polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, nos. 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180, were determined in surface sediments from the North End Lake in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Forty-two surficial sediment samples were collected from different locations covering the region that receives the majority of the industrial waste, urban effluents and runoff and thus expected to be contaminated with different degrees of contamination. The analysis was achieved by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using the internal standard method. The total PCB concentrations in the samples ranged from 1.60 to 3.06 ng·g -1 dry weight (dw). The concentrations of congener profiles showed significant differences. Generally, the highest PCB concentrations were associated with high organic matter contents and small grain size. The highly chlorinated PCBs dominated with regards to the levels in sediments. PCB 138 was the major contributor to the total PCBs and was detected at 100% of sites. This study provided a snapshot of the PCB contamination status in the North End Lake sediments, and allowed for a comparison between the investigated system and other systems worldwide.

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“…In a study by Kowalewska (23), phytoplankton cells significantly contributed to the transport of PAHs from the upper layers of the Southern Baltic ecosystem to the sea floor by sedimentation. Although the hydrophobic nature of PAHs (log K ow ϭ 3 to 8) greatly limits their solubility in seawater, this property would favor their adsorption to marine particulate matter, including phytoplankton and detritus (11,27). Kowalewska (23) quantitatively demonstrated that different PAH compounds conferred different correlation coefficients for binding to phytoplankton cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Porticoccus hydrocarbonoclasticus sp. nov., an Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterium Identified in Laboratory Cultures of Marine Phytoplankton

Gutiérrez

Nichols

Whitman

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A marine bacterium, designated strain MCTG13d, was isolated from a laboratory culture of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum CCAP1121/2 by enrichment with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as the sole carbon source. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, the strain was most closely related to Porticoccus litoralis IMCC2115 T (96.5%) and to members of the genera Microbulbifer (91.4 to 93.7%) and Marinimicrobium (90.4 to 92.0%). Phylogenetic trees showed that the strain clustered in a distinct phyletic line in the class Gammaproteobacteria for which P. litoralis is presently the sole cultured representative. The strain was strictly aerobic, rod shaped, Gram negative, and halophilic. Notably, it was able to utilize hydrocarbons as sole sources of carbon and energy, whereas sugars did not serve as growth substrates. The predominant isoprenoid quinone of strain MCTG13d was Q-8, and the dominant fatty acids were C 16:17c , C 18:17c , and C 16:0 . DNA G؉C content for the isolate was 54.9 ؎ 0.42 mol%. Quantitative PCR primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene of this strain showed that this organism was common in other laboratory cultures of marine phytoplankton. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain MCTG13d represents a novel species of Porticoccus, for which the name Porticoccus hydrocarbonoclasticus sp. nov. is proposed. The discovery of this highly specialized hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium living in association with marine phytoplankton suggests that phytoplankton represent a previously unrecognized biotope of novel bacterial taxa that degrade hydrocarbons in the ocean.

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The PAH and organic content of sediment particle size fractions

Cited by 120 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of the polychaetes Nereis diversicolor and Arenicola marina on the fate and distribution of pyrene in sediments

Effects of the polychaetes Nereis diversicolor and Arenicola marina on the fate and distribution of pyrene in sediments

Characterization of polychlorinated biphenyls in surface sediments of the North End Lake, Port Elizabeth, South Africa

Porticoccus hydrocarbonoclasticus sp. nov., an Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterium Identified in Laboratory Cultures of Marine Phytoplankton

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