The Pain Coping Questionnaire short-form: preliminary reliability and validity

Kohut, Sara Ahola; Stinson, Jennifer; Chambers, Christine T.; Reid, Graham J.; Riddell, Rebecca Pillai

doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000982

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Of these, 127 publications were excluded after full‐text review with a final 16 studies meeting eligibility for data extraction (Figure S1 ). These 16 studies reported on seven pain coping tools of which two have short forms and all have self‐report and observer‐reported outcome measure (parent proxy report) versions: the Bath Adolescent Pain Questionnaire (BAPQ) and Bath Adolescent Pain Questionnaire for Parents; 20 , 21 the Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life (CP QoL) teenager version, primary caregiver report, and self‐report; 22 the Child Self‐Efficacy Scale (CSES) self‐report and parent report; 23 the Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FOPQ) parent and self‐report and FOPQ short form self‐report; 24 , 25 the PPCI parent and self‐report; 26 the Pain Catastrophizing Scale for children (PCS‐C), parent and self‐report; 27 and the Pain Coping Questionnaire (PCQ) self‐report and parent report and the PCQ short form self‐report 28 , 29 (Table S3 ). The study populations included children and young adults with CP (11 studies), 10 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 intellectual disability (three studies), 40 , 41 , 42 spinal dysraphism (two studies), 32 , 43 and Down syndrome (two studies).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the original article by Reid et al, 28 a parent‐reported version was directly adapted from the child version and showed a moderate relationship with the self‐report version for both the Distraction and Emotional Focused Avoidance subscales; however, a weak relationship was reported for information seeking and cognitive distraction. In 2022, Kohut et al 29 published a short form of the PCQ, developed in a sample of 1225 children and adolescents. The short form demonstrates moderate evidence for construct validity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pain coping tools for children and young adults with a neurodevelopmental disability: A systematic review of measurement properties

Smith

Gibson

et al. 2022

Develop Med Child Neuro

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Aim: To systematically identify and evaluate the measurement properties of patientreported outcome measures (PROMs) and observer-reported outcome measures (parent proxy report) of pain coping tools that have been used with children and young adults (aged 0-24 years) with a neurodevelopmental disability. Method: A two-stage search using MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycInfo was conducted. Search 1 in August 2021 identified pain coping tools used in neurodevelopmental disability and search 2 in September 2021 located additional studies evaluating the measurement properties of these tools. Methodological quality was assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines (PROSPERO protocol registration no. CRD42021273031).Results: Sixteen studies identified seven pain coping tools, all PROMs and observerreported outcome measures (parent proxy report) versions. The measurement properties of the seven tools were appraised in 44 studies. No tool had high-quality evidence for any measurement property or evidence for all nine measurement properties as outlined by COSMIN. Only one tool had content validity for individuals with neurodevelopmental disability: the Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life tool.Interpretation: Pain coping assessment tools with self-report and parent proxy versions are available; however, measurement invariance has not been tested in young adults with a neurodevelopmental disability. This is an area for future research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain coping tools for children and young adults with a neurodevelopmental disability: A systematic review of measurement properties

Smith

Gibson

et al. 2022

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…Pain is a multidimensional and stressful experience including sensory, affective and cognitive components. Cognitive and behavioral processing with pain experience may be rigid and insufficient, enabling minor alleviation in stress and pain [ 22 ]. Pain coping scales, such as PCSped and PCSpar may function as qualitative clinical instruments as well as providing data for visualization of different coping resources the child and the parent has in clinical settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Validation in Finnish was accomplished by Marttinen et al [ 21 ]. Recently a short form of PCQ for children has been published [ 22 ] but ther are no existing questionnaire for assessing parents’ coping strategies when their child has pain, thus, there remained a need to create a corresponding scale for parents. Parents may enhance the child’s resilience with flexible coping abilities [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain-coping scale for children and their parents: a cross-sectional study in children with musculoskeletal pain

Bäckström

Vuorimaa²,

Tarkiainen

et al. 2023

Pediatr Rheumatol

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Background In a chronic pain-causing disease such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, the quality of coping with pain is crucial. Parents have a substantial influence on their children’s pain-coping strategies. This study aimed to develop scales for assessing parents’ strategies for coping with their children’s pain and a shorter improved scale for children usable in clinical practice. Methods The number of items in the Finnish version of the pain-coping questionnaire for children was reduced from 39 to 20. A corresponding reduced scale was created for parental use. We recruited consecutive patients from nine hospitals evenly distributed throughout Finland, aged 8–16 years who visited a paediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic and reported musculoskeletal pain during the past week. The patients and parents rated the child’s pain on a visual analogue scale from 0 to 100 and completed pain-coping questionnaires and depression inventories. The selection process of pain questionnaire items was performed using factor analyses. Results The average (standard deviation) age of the 130 patients was 13.0 (2.3) years; 91 (70%) were girls. Four factors were retained in the new, improved Pain-Coping Scales for children and parents. Both scales had 15 items with 2–5 items/factor. The goodness-of-fit statistics and Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients were satisfactory to good in both scaled. The criterion validity was acceptable as the demographic, disease related, and the depression and stress questionnaires correlated with the subscales. Conclusions We created a shorter, feasible pain-coping scale for children and a novel scale for caregivers. In clinical work, the pain coping scales may serve as a visualisation of different types of coping strategies for paediatric patients with pain and their parents and facilitate the identification of families in need of psychological support.

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“…In a study of 1,187 cancer outpatients using the CSP, it was found that the patient’s level of education, income, and use of radiotherapy were the most significant predictors for achieving pain management goals [ 102 ]. A short form of the questionnaire is in development for use in pediatric patients with chronic pain [ 103 ]. Because this scale deals with coping mechanisms, it is vulnerable to cultural influences; a Spanish version of the CSP is available [ 104 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations for Pain Assessments in Cancer Patients: A Narrative Review of the Latin American Perspective

Pergolizzi¹,

LeQuang²,

Coluzzi³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Cancer incidence in Latin America is lower than in Europe or the United States but morbidity and mortality rates are disproportionately high. A barrier to adequate pain control is inadequate pain assessment, which is a relatively easy and inexpensive metric. The objective of this narrative review is to describe pain assessment for cancer patients in Latin America. Cultural factors may influence pain perception, including contextualizing pain as noble or natural suffering and aspects of what is now called “spiritual pain.” Unlike other painful conditions, cancer pain may be strongly associated with existential fear, psychosocial distress, anxiety, and spiritual concerns. Pain assessment allows not just quantification of pain intensity but may elucidate pain mechanisms involved or psychosocial aspects that may color the pain. Many current pain assessment instruments capture only pain intensity, which is but one aspect of the pain experience; some have expanded to include functional assessments, mental health status evaluations, and quality of life metrics. A quality-of-life assessment may be appropriate for cancer patients since chronic pain can severely impact function, which can in turn create a vicious cycle by exacerbating pain. The incidence of cancer in Latin America is expected to increase in the ensuing years. Better pain assessment and clinician education are needed to help manage pain in this large and growing patient population.

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The Pain Coping Questionnaire short-form: preliminary reliability and validity

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. A brief 16-item format of the Pain Coping Questionnaire was developed and found to have acceptable preliminary reliability and validity.

Cited by 5 publications

References 53 publications

Pain coping tools for children and young adults with a neurodevelopmental disability: A systematic review of measurement properties

Pain coping tools for children and young adults with a neurodevelopmental disability: A systematic review of measurement properties

Pain-coping scale for children and their parents: a cross-sectional study in children with musculoskeletal pain

Considerations for Pain Assessments in Cancer Patients: A Narrative Review of the Latin American Perspective

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