The pain experience of cognitively impaired nursing home residents: Perceptions of family members and certified nursing assistants

Ethnic Differences in Nonverbal Pain Behaviors Observed in Older Adults with Dementia

“…This may suggest that CNAs do not recognize rubbing, bracing, or restlessness as nonverbal pain behaviors that are indicative of pain. Contrary to the findings of this study, some research suggests that the most common nonverbal pain behaviors seen in residents experiencing pain are rubbing and bracing (Closs et al, 2005; Cohen-Mansfield & Creedon, 2002; Mentes et al, 2004; Shega et al, 2008), but are based primarily on providers’ perceptions. Instead, Tsai et al (2011) suggest that guarding, a nonverbal pain behavior that is not included on the NOPPAIN, may be a better indicator of pain than rubbing or bracing; as cognitively impaired elders may display more guarding than any other nonverbal behavior.…”

“…Lints-Martindale et al (2012) evaluated the psychometric properties of 6 nonverbal pain assessment tools and also found that pain faces and pain words/vocalizations were important pain behaviors when detecting pain and can be easier to identify than other nonverbal pain behaviors. Other research in cognitively intact older adults has found that facial expressions are often used to indicate pain (Closs et al, 2005; Mentes, Teer, & Cadogan, 2004). While the parent study did not explore the CNA’s perceptions of pain behaviors, findings in this secondary data analysis suggest that pain faces, pain noises, and pain words were identified most often in each ethnic group.…”

Creating Bridges Between Researchers and Long-Term Care Homes to Promote Quality of Life for Residents

“…Other researchers have found results that are consistent with the qualitative findings of this study with respect to the role of unregulated health care providers in LTC (Bowers, Esmond, & Jacobson 2003;Clark, Fink, Pennington, & Jones, 2006;Mentes, Teer, & Cadogan, 2004). Bowers et al found that SCAs left their jobs in LTC because of the way they were treated by their supervisors, not necessarily because of the hard work or poor pay.…”

Differences between Nurses' and Care Workers' Estimations of Pain Prevalence among Older Residents

“…Nurses' negative beliefs about the use of pain assessment tools (Young, Horton, & Davidhizar, 2006), lack of recognition of pain, and insufficient education and training (McAuliffe, Nay, O'Donnell, & Fetherstonhaugh, 2009), as well as the importance of observing pain behaviors among residents (Mentes, Teer, & Cadogan, 2004) have been reported. Another Japanese study reported that, compared with care workers, nurses tend to misunderstand the behaviors and perceptions of pain among aged care residents.…”