The Painful Purple Digit: An Alarming Complication of Candida albicans Antigen Treatment of Recalcitrant Warts

Perman, Marissa J.; Sterling, J. Barton; Gaspari, Anthony A.

doi:10.1097/01206501-200503000-00008

Cited by 28 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although considered safe, CA antigen is reported to cause exuberant reactions in some cases. 6 , 7 Of interest, this reaction might be dose dependent, with less chance of reaction using diluted CA antigen. 7 Neither the original test site nor the first wart injection resulted in significant inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An aberrant reaction to Candida albicans antigen used for recalcitrant warts successfully treated with oral prednisone

et al. 2018

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although safe, previous studies report pain, edema, and a purple digit as rare aberrant reactions to such treatment. 6 , 7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An aberrant reaction to Candida albicans antigen used for recalcitrant warts successfully treated with oral prednisone

et al. 2018

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“…[ 32 ] The most common side effect was pain and discomfort during injection, however, serious side effects such as vitiligo-like depigmentation and painful purple digit have also been reported. [ 33 ] Another rare side effect described by Signore et al . is post-immunotherapy revealed cicatrix (PIRC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving role of immunotherapy in the treatment of refractory warts

Thappa

Chiramel

2016

Indian Dermatol Online J

112

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Cutaneous and genital warts are common dermatological conditions caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Although it is a benign condition, it causes disfigurement, has a tendency to koebnerize, and can be transmitted to others. This makes adequate and timely treatment important. There are several conventional treatments available with variable response. Topical and systemic immunotherapy has now found a significant place in the treatment of warts because of its nondestructive action, ease of use, and promising results. Through this review, we would like to present a brief overview of the various immunotherapeutic agents used. These include more established agents such as imiquimod, Mycobacterium w vaccine, bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine, measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine, Candida antigen, trichophyton antigen, tuberculin, zinc, cimetidine, levamisole, HPV vaccine, and autoimplantation therapy. Other agents such as contact immunotherapy which is sparsely used now than before and newer agents such as Corynebacterium parvum, sinecatechins, echinacea, propolis, glycyrrizinic acid, and Vitamin D have also been discussed. The mechanism of action of these agents, along with their dosage, mode of administration, duration of use, expected outcomes and comparative efficacy, evidence for their use, and expected side effects, if any, are reviewed.

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“…44 A variety of adverse reactions, including delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, has been reported with Candida antigen treatments. 221 …”

Section: Intralesional Injection Of Mumps or Candida Antigenmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Armamentarium of Wart Treatments

Lipke¹

2006

Clinical Medicine & Research

287

295

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Patients and clinicians experience the frustration of cutaneous viral warts caused by infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV).Warts appear in various forms on different sites of the body and include common warts (verruca vulgaris), plane or flat warts, myrmecia, plantar warts, coalesced mosaic warts, filiform warts, periungual warts, anogenital warts (venereal or condyloma acuminata), oral warts and respiratory papillomas. Cervical infection with HPV is now known to cause cervical cancer if untreated. A review of the medical literature reveals a huge armamentarium of wart monotherapies and combination therapies. Official evidence-based guidelines exist for the treatment of warts, but very few of the reported treatments have been tested by rigorous blinded, randomized controlled trials.Therefore, official recommendations do not often include treatments with reportedly high success rates, but they should not be ignored when considering treatment options. It is the purpose of this review to provide a comprehensive overview of the wart treatment literature to expand awareness of the options available to practitioners faced with patients presenting with problematic warts. Warts of the genital tract carry a much more ominous and pernicious threat for women in particular. It has been estimated that up to 70% of sexually active women become infected during their lifetime with human papillomavirus (HPV), the infective agent that causes warts. 3-5 A causal role for HPV infections in cervical cancer has been documented beyond reasonable doubt. HPV DNA is present in virtually all cervical cancer cases worldwide, with it being detected in 99.7% of an international series of cervical cancers by genetic amplification techniques and in 100% of cases as confirmed by histological review. 6,7 Cervical cancer is the most frequent common cancer in developing countries and the second most common cancer in women worldwide. 3 The association between HPV infection and cervical cancer is so strong that HPV is now considered the first positive cause of any human cancer ever identified. 3This raises the level of concerns over HPV prevention, screening and treatment from that of a nuisance condition to that of a major public health concern. Attention is beginning to focus on the viral factors that determine persistence and neoplastic progression to cancer and the possible role of HPV in other nongenital cancers (e.g., skin, upper aerodigestive tract). [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Patients with warts seek advice from general practitioners, pharmacists, naturopaths, allied health professionals, family or friends, dermatologists, gynecologists, obstetricians and pediatricians for treatment and may present with recalcitrant warts that have been previously treated with anything from folk remedies to hypnosis to over-the-counter medications to more aggressive clinic-based treatments. Unfortunately, even with years of medical literature on this subject, high-quality, level I evidence for the efficacy of almost all treatments is no...

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The Painful Purple Digit: An Alarming Complication of Candida albicans Antigen Treatment of Recalcitrant Warts

Cited by 28 publications

References 7 publications

An aberrant reaction to Candida albicans antigen used for recalcitrant warts successfully treated with oral prednisone

An aberrant reaction to Candida albicans antigen used for recalcitrant warts successfully treated with oral prednisone

Evolving role of immunotherapy in the treatment of refractory warts

An Armamentarium of Wart Treatments

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