The palaeoenvironmental history of Late Pleistocene deposits at Moel Tryfan, North Wales: evidence from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

The surface texture and morphology of magnetite from the Izok Lake volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit and local glacial sediments, Nunavut, Canada: Application to mineral exploration

“…6B). Conchoidal fractures defined by Campbell and Thompson (1991), Mahaney (1991Mahaney ( , 1995, Mahaney et al (1988aMahaney et al ( , 1988bMahaney et al ( , 1996Mahaney et al ( , 2001, Mahaney and Kalm (2000), Mazzullo and Ritter (1991), and Strand et al (2003) also characterize the surface of 19% of magnetite grains in till samples (Fig. 6B).…”

“…Steps are divided into arc-shaped and linear steps such as those that have been described by Campbell and Thompson (1991), Helland and Diffendal (1993), , Mahaney and Andres (1996), Mahaney et al (2001), Mahaney and Kalm (2000), Mahaney (1995), Strand et al (2003), Van Hoesen and Orndorff (2004), and Vos et al (2014). Arc-shaped steps are deep accurate tears, similar to conchoidal fractures, but steps are deeper and more widely spaced (N5 μm).…”

“…6F; Krinsley and Donahue, 1968;Campbell and Thompson, 1991;Helland and Diffendal, 1993;Mahaney et al, 1988aMahaney et al, , 1988bMahaney and Andres, 1996;Mahaney et al, 2001Mahaney et al, , 2004Mahaney, 1990bMahaney, , 1995Vos et al, 2014). These textures are restricted to coarse grains (≥ 0.4 mm) with surfaces large enough to be scratched by other grains during transport (Margolis and Krinsley, 1974).…”

“…6G) characterize small proportions of detrital magnetite in Izok Lake till samples (Table 2B). Throughs are deeper and wider than grooves, and crescentic gouges are different from conchoidal fractures by their depth and crescent shapes (Campbell and Thompson, 1991;Mahaney, 1995;Mahaney and Andres, 1996;Mahaney et al, 1988aMahaney et al, ,1988bMahaney et al, , 2004Watts, 1985).…”

“…6H). V-shaped percussion cracks are triangular-shaped fractures with variable size and depth, formed by mechanical impacts between grains collision (Krinsley and Donahue, 1968;Krinsley and Doornkamp, 1973;Krinsley and Marshall, 1987;Campbell and Thompson, 1991;Helland and Diffendal, 1993;Mahaney, 1991;Mahaney and Andres, 1996;Mahaney et al, 2001;Mahaney and Kalm, 2000;Mahaney et al, 2010;). A small proportion of magnetite grains in Izok Lake till samples are imprinted by V-shaped percussion cracks (Table 2B; Fig.…”