The Paleo-Anthropocene and the Genesis of the Current Landscape of Israel

Ackermann, Oren; Maeir, Aren M.; Frumin, Suembikya; Svoray, Tal; Weiss, Ehud; Zhevelev, Helena M.; Horwitz, Liora Kolska

doi:10.1515/jlecol-2017-0029

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…Our study is compatible with previous research showing that the archaeological landscape history of Israel is based on the interaction between human activities and the physical structure (Ackermann, 2007;Ackermann et al, 2017;Aviam, 2004;Ben-David, 2005;Davidovich et al, 2012;Porat et al, 2017;among others). On the basis of our examination of the distribution of burial caves relative to the geological formation, we conclude that there is a strong correlation between rock type, location, and tomb frequency.…”

Section: Correlation Between Rock Type Location and Frequencysupporting

confidence: 92%

Lithology and the distribution of Early Roman-era tombs in Jerusalem’s necropolis

Shtober‐Zisu

Zissu

2018

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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During the last 150 years, various archaeological excavations and surveys revealed approximately 900 rock-cut tombs in the extensive necropolis surrounding ancient Jerusalem, dated to the late Hellenistic and Early Roman periods. The research goals are to examine the spatial distribution of these tombs in relation to the lithological units and rock hardness and to examine the diverse methods by which the ancient masons solved various lithological defects they encountered during the tomb excavation. We used field observations and Schmidt hammer tests to determine the rock hardness and the lithological properties. Our study demonstrates that the substrate played a crucial role in the establishment of the city and residents’ living conditions and that the presence or absence of caves in certain areas can be explained lithologically. Most tombs found west of the city were excavated in the Weradim Formation (13.7%); those found north of the city were mainly hewn into the well-bedded Nezer Formation (20.7%); and the tombs hewn east or south of the ancient city mainly met the soft Menuḥa Formation (56%). Excavating in the hard limestone of the Shivta Formation required high levels of effort and funding and, therefore, the number of tombs is limited (3%). In some cases, owners of estates located in soft lithologies granted burial rights to additional families, as proved by the large number of tombs and the clusters of burial systems in the Menuḥa Formation. Rock surfaces are mostly decayed by chemical dissolution, enhanced by structural fissures in the rock. Condensation corrosion and excess moisture were observed on the ceilings of some structures, along with bio-erosion. Two types of defects are common in the local rock: (a) major defects, endangering the stability of the rock-cut chamber that required complementary building with ashlar stones and (b) superficial defects that required only aesthetic solutions.

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Section: Correlation Between Rock Type Location and Frequencysupporting

confidence: 92%

Lithology and the distribution of Early Roman-era tombs in Jerusalem’s necropolis

Shtober‐Zisu

Zissu

2018

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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“…This could be a successful solution in the Mediterranean where agriculture land abandonment in the last decade also takes place in the surroundings of city areas due to the economic crisis [69] and for which similar responses have been shown in other developed countries [73]. How urban changes occur is related in one way to the environmental conditions [74] but also to the cultural impact of humans [75].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Impact of Farmland Abandonment on Water Resources and Soil Conservation in Citrus Plantations in Eastern Spain

Cerdà

Ackermann

Terol

et al. 2019

Water

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Due to the reduction in the prices of oranges on the market and social changes such as the ageing of the population, traditional orange plantation abandonment in the Mediterranean is taking place. Previous research on land abandonment impact on soil and water resources has focused on rainfed agriculture abandonment, but there is no research on irrigated land abandonment. In the Valencia Region—the largest producer of oranges in Europe—abandonment is resulting in a quick vegetation recovery and changes in soil properties, and then in water erosion. Therefore, we performed rainfall simulation experiments (0.28 m2; 38.8 mm h−1) to determine the soil losses in naveline orange plantations with different ages of abandonment (1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years of abandonment) which will allow for an understanding of the temporal changes in soil and water losses after abandonment. Moreover, these results were also compared with an active plantation (0). The results show that the soils of the active orange plantations have higher runoff discharges and higher erosion rates due to the use of herbicides than the plots after abandonment. Once the soil is abandoned for one year, the plant recovery reaches 33% of the cover and the erosion rate drops one order of magnitude. This is related to the delay in the runoff generation and the increase in infiltration rates. After 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years, the soil reduced bulk density, increase in organic matter, plant cover, and soil erosion rates were found negligible. We conclude that the abandonment of orange plantations reduces soil and water losses and can serve as a nature-based solution to restore the soil services, goods, and resources. The reduction in the soil losses was exponential (from 607.4 g m−2 in the active plot to 7.1 g m−2 in the 10-year abandoned one) but the water losses were linear (from 77.2 in active plantations till 12.8% in the 10-year abandoned ones).

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“…Studies have shown that the construction of terraces on sloping land can result in an average increase of 32.4% in organic carbon sequestration [12,13]. However, certain studies have highlighted potential problems with terraces, such as the fact that improper design and management of terraces can disrupt the water cycle [10], which not only fails to alleviate soil erosion but can actually exacerbate it [14,15]. In addition, with the rapid changes in economy and society-such as the migration of rural labor and population, urban expansion, and the decline in agriculture-land-use patterns in many regions have shifted, leading to a large number of terraces being abandoned [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, certain studies have highlighted potential problems with terraces, such as the fact that improper design and management of terraces can disrupt the water cycle [10], which not only fails to alleviate soil erosion but can actually exacerbate it [14,15]. In addition, with the rapid changes in economy and society-such as the migration of rural labor and population, urban expansion, and the decline in agriculture-land-use patterns in many regions have shifted, leading to a large number of terraces being abandoned [15,16]. Terraces that are abandoned without timely intervention are prone to soil wall collapses, which not only mar their aesthetic appeal but can also exacerbate soil erosion [6,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrace Extraction Method Based on Remote Sensing and a Novel Deep Learning Framework

Zhao,

Zou,

Liu

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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Terraces, farmlands built along hillside contours, are common anthropogenically designed landscapes. Terraces control soil and water loss and improve land productivity; therefore, obtaining their spatial distribution is necessary for soil and water conservation and agricultural production. Spatial information of large-scale terraces can be obtained using satellite images and through deep learning. However, when extracting terraces, accurately segmenting the boundaries of terraces and identifying small terraces in diverse scenarios continues to be challenging. To solve this problem, we combined two deep learning modules, ANB-LN and DFB, to produce a new deep learning framework (NLDF-Net) for terrace extraction using remote sensing images. The model first extracted the features of the terraces through the coding area to obtain abstract semantic features, and then gradually recovered the original size through the decoding area using feature fusion. In addition, we constructed a terrace dataset (the HRT-set) for Guangdong Province and conducted a series of comparative experiments on this dataset using the new framework. The experimental results show that our framework had the best extraction effect compared to those of other deep learning methods. This framework provides a method and reference for extracting ground objects using remote sensing images.

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The Paleo-Anthropocene and the Genesis of the Current Landscape of Israel

Cited by 10 publications

References 120 publications

Lithology and the distribution of Early Roman-era tombs in Jerusalem’s necropolis

Lithology and the distribution of Early Roman-era tombs in Jerusalem’s necropolis

Impact of Farmland Abandonment on Water Resources and Soil Conservation in Citrus Plantations in Eastern Spain

Terrace Extraction Method Based on Remote Sensing and a Novel Deep Learning Framework

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