The paleoclimatic context for South American Triassic vertebrate evolution

Mancuso, Adriana Cecilia; Horn, Bruno Ludovico Dihl; Benavente, Cecilia Andrea; Schultz, César Leandro; Irmis, Randall B.

doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103321

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 259 publications

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“…The presence of fossil plants such as Sphenophytes and Lycopsids in the Cerro de las Cabras Formation suggests a marked seasonality. The lower and middle intervals of the Potrerillos Formation show similar palaeoclimatic conditions such as those described for the basal units; however, the fossil record shows a warm temperate climate (Mancuso et al, 2021). The upper interval of Potrerillos and the Cacheuta Formations are characterized by evergreen subtropical seasonal forests, with herbaceous shrub-like palaeocommunities, dominated by corystosperms (Volkheimer & Zavattieri, 1985;Zavattieri, 1987;Zavattieri & Rojo, 2005;Zavattieri & Prámparo, 2006).…”

Section: Stratigraphy and Palaeoclimate: A Synthesismentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Moreover, during the deposition of the Río Mendoza and Cerro de las Cabras Formations, a warm and semi‐arid to sub‐humid palaeoclimate prevailed (Benavente et al., 2015; Mancuso et al., 2021), but with a marked seasonality, in particular for the latter unit (Artabe et al., 2001; Stipanicic & Volkheimer, 2002; Mancuso et al., 2020). Such palaeoclimate conditions were also evidenced through the development of saline–alkaline lakes, even with abundant carbonate deposits which were not documented in the rest of the Triassic units (Zamuner et al., 2001; Barredo & Stinco, 2013; Barredo et al., 2017; Benavente et al., 2019; Salduondo et al., 2020; Mancuso et al., 2021). Carbonate deposits have been interpreted as palustrine systems which were preserved at distal position with respect to sediment input areas (Kokogian et al., 2001; Benavente et al., 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During Triassic times, south‐western Gondwana was marked by seasonal subtropical climate with humid and dry periods (Artabe et al., 2001; Stipanicic & Volkheimer, 2002; Mancuso et al., 2021). The Río Mendoza and Cerro de las Cabras Formations were deposited under a warm arid to alternating arid–humid climate (Singer, 1980; Gallego et al., 2004; Barredo & Stinco, 2013; Benavente et al., 2015; Mancuso et al., 2020, 2021, among others). The presence of fossil plants such as Sphenophytes and Lycopsids in the Cerro de las Cabras Formation suggests a marked seasonality.…”

Section: Geological Setting Of the Cuyo Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An example is represented by the Cuyo Basin, a prolific petroleum basin in South America (Argentina), which is characterized by several depocentres that follow a northwest/south-east trend departing from the northsouth trend of the present-day Andean chain (Charrier, 1979;Spalletti, 1999). The evolution of the continental Cuyo Basin has been studied from different points of view, such as those based on structural (Barredo & Ramos, 2010;Giambiagi et al, 2011;Barredo, 2012), stratigraphic-sedimentological (Fernandez Seveso et al, 1993;Kokogian et al, 1993;Spalletti, 1999;Spalletti et al, 2005;Benavente et al, 2015Benavente et al, , 2019Drovandi, 2020), palaeontological (Spalletti et al, 2003;Morel et al, 2010Morel et al, , 2011Mancuso et al, 2020Mancuso et al, , 2021 and geochronological approaches ( Ávila et al, 2006;Spalletti et al, 2008;Barredo et al, 2012). The Cuyo Basin represents a lacustrine basin which evolved from an underfilled to overfilled phase of basin development (Barredo, 2012;Ruiz & Catuneanu, 2020), and presents a wide variety of alluvial, fluvial and lacustrine environments (Kokogian et al, 1999;Spalletti et al, 2005;Barredo, 2012;among others).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palaeoclimatic and diagenetic controls based on clay mineralogy and organic matter distribution: The continental rift Cuyo Basin (Triassic), west‐central Argentina

et al. 2022

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The Triassic Cuyo rift Basin is one of the renowned petroleum systems in South America that records distinctive alluvial, lacustrine and fluvial settings with volcanic input. The present study focuses on the clay mineral assemblages that represent the syn‐rift to post‐rift fills. Four clay mineral assemblages are defined based on X‐ray diffraction, optical and electron microscopy analyses. The illite/mica‐dominated assemblage is documented in the syn‐rift I (Cerro de las Cabras Formation). Such mineral phases are inherited and derived from the erosion of pre‐rift units, suggesting that physical weathering associated with a warm and semi‐arid climate played a leading role in their occurrence. Authigenic smectite clays are diagnostic in organic‐lean mudstones of the syn‐rift II (lower Potrerillos Formation) which point to alteration of pyroclastic material under a warm and semi‐arid to humid climate. A warm and humid climate prevailed during the deposition of lacustrine hydrocarbon source rocks (upper Potrerillos and Cacheuta formations). Organic‐rich mudstones show the illite/mica–kaolinite–smectite assemblage in conjunction with amorphous organic matter and restricted terrigenous elements. Diagenetic kaolinite booklets and bipyramidal quartz are attributed to the acidification of pore‐water related to kerogen transformation during burial diagenesis. Vitrinite reflectance values (ca 0.63%) confirm that organic‐rich sediments reached the earliest oil window; however, smectite is devoid of illite layers throughout the Triassic succession, probably related to the absence of potassium in the system and the high crystallinity of the smectite, which delayed the transformation of smectite into mixed layers illite–smectite. Red mudstones of the post‐rift II (the fluvial‐lacustrine Rio Blanco Formation) show the kaolinite‐dominated assemblage where the authigenic kaolinite is interpreted to be derived from the alteration of volcaniclastic detritus and indicative of warm climate with markedly wet periods.

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Section: Stratigraphy and Palaeoclimate: A Synthesismentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Setting Of the Cuyo Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palaeoclimatic and diagenetic controls based on clay mineralogy and organic matter distribution: The continental rift Cuyo Basin (Triassic), west‐central Argentina

et al. 2022

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“…2). Temnospondyls are therefore of great import to paleontologists and neontologists seeking to address questions ranging from lissamphibian origins and the interrelationships of early tetrapods to Phanerozoic terrestrial ecosystem dynamics and the role of mass extinctions in tetrapod evolution (e.g., Sennikov, 1996; Shishkin, 2007; Ruta and Benton, 2008; Sidor et al, 2013; Brocklehurst et al, 2017, 2018; Button et al, 2017; Shishkin and Novikov, 2017; Dunne et al,., 2018; Pardo et al, 2019; Allen et al, 2020; Romano et al, 2020; Mancuso et al, 2021; Vigletti et al, 2021; Liu et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The disadvantage of derivation: conserved systematic flaws in primary data have repeatedly biased the phylogenetic inference of Temnospondyli (Tetrapoda, Amphibia)

Gee

2022

Preprint

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Phylogenetic analyses and their resultant tree topologies underlie paleobiological studies. Regardless of the type of study, the relationships of focal taxa are foundational, whether implemented in a qualitative or a quantitative framework. This reliance places a premium on the continued refinement of both phylogenetic methods and inference. Temnospondyls are a diverse clade of non-amniote ('amphibian') tetrapods whose phylogenetic relationships have been extensively explored due to their speciose nature, widespread occurrence in Paleozoic and Mesozoic paleoenvironments, and putative relationship to extant amphibians. Despite being studied by a diversity of workers, there is only one dataset that is widely employed to test the broad-scale relationships of Temnospondyli, that of Schoch (2013). This dataset has been reused in several high-profile studies testing the question of lissamphibian origins, and the original resultant topology has been widely adopted by taxonomic specialists and non-specialists alike. However, close examination of this matrix reveals discernible patterns of problematic codes related to non-homology, dependency, and unsubstantiated data (e.g., codes for postcranial characters for taxa with no known postcrania). These patterns, in conjunction with their prevalence, warrant a thorough survey of the entire matrix and subsequent reanalysis of its various forms to test whether previously published findings regarding the relationships of temnospondyls and the origins of lissamphibians are substantiated. A thorough reassessment of this matrix and several of its high-profile derivates revealed that the phylogeny of temnospondyls is more poorly known than depicted by the literature and that certain hypotheses of lissamphibian origins within Temnospondyli lack phylogenetic support.

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Evolution of postcanine complexity in Gomphodontia (Therapsida: Cynodontia)

Hendrickx,

Abdala,

Filippini

et al. 2024

The Anatomical Record

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Gomphodonts form a Triassic radiation of small to medium‐bodied (<0.5–2.5 m in length) quadrupedal cynodonts characterized by labiolingually expanded gomphodont postcanines. They were the dominant cynodont group in Middle and Late Triassic ecosystems from the Southern Hemisphere and the first predominantly herbivorous cynodonts to evolve. Gomphodonts were also the first therapsids to develop hypsodonty and a dentition with complex occlusal patterns, and their highly diagnostic upper and lower postcanines show many different morphologies. Here, we explored dental complexity in gomphodont cynodonts through time using geographic information system analysis and orientation patch count applied on 3D crown surfaces of upper and lower gomphodont postcanines belonging to 32 gomphodont taxa. This study reveals that the peak in postcanine complexity was reached early in the evolution of gomphodonts with the emergence in the Early Triassic of omnivorous or insectivorous forms with postcanines made of well‐separated cusps and cingular cuspules. Traversodontids evolved simpler postcanines via coalescence of cusps into crests and the development of large occlusal basins, and the Middle Triassic radiation of traversodontids led to a sharp decrease in mean postcanine complexity. Simplification of the postcanines in traversodontids is interpreted as being related to a gradual increase in the consumption of plant material. Interestingly, the trend of insectivory/omnivory high postcanine complexity and herbivory low dental complexity in gomphodonts is opposite to the trend of dental complexity reported in some extant mammals, with omnivorous having low dental complexity and herbivorous higher. Postcanine complexity remained relatively stable throughout the evolution of traversodontids and only slightly diminished in the Late Triassic due to the presence of minute forms with particularly simple postcanines in the Rhaetian. The major phylogenetic diversity and taxonomic richness of Gomphodontia are represented in two periods of time: at the end of the Anisian, an age in which the postcanine complexity is simplifying, and at the early Carnian when the postcanine complexity in traversodontids, the only Gomphodontia represented, is stable.

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The paleoclimatic context for South American Triassic vertebrate evolution

Cited by 28 publications

References 259 publications

Palaeoclimatic and diagenetic controls based on clay mineralogy and organic matter distribution: The continental rift Cuyo Basin (Triassic), west‐central Argentina

Palaeoclimatic and diagenetic controls based on clay mineralogy and organic matter distribution: The continental rift Cuyo Basin (Triassic), west‐central Argentina

The disadvantage of derivation: conserved systematic flaws in primary data have repeatedly biased the phylogenetic inference of Temnospondyli (Tetrapoda, Amphibia)

Evolution of postcanine complexity in Gomphodontia (Therapsida: Cynodontia)

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