The palladium (II) catalyzed vinyl interchange reaction—I

McKeon, James E.; Fitton, P.; Griswold, A. A.

doi:10.1016/0040-4020(72)80128-5

Cited by 51 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The synthesis of the polymers is outlined in Scheme 1. The alkyl vinyl ether monomers were synthesized according to a literature procedure.26" 28 The poly(maleic anhydride-co-alkyl vinyl ether)s were synthesized by radical copolymerization of the alkyl vinyl ether monomers with maleic anhydride using AIBN as initiator. The radical polymerization of alkyl vinyl ethers with maleic anhydride is known to give perfectly alternating copolymers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polyelectrolytes were synthesized as outlined in Scheme 1. n-[(4-Cyano-4'-biphenylyl)oxy]alkyl vinyl ethers were synthesized as described before. [26][27][28] Polyimaleic anhydride-co-zi-[(4-cy ano-4'-bipheny lyl)oxy]alkyl vinyl ether)s (I-n). Dry benzene (5-10 mL) was added to a mixture of equimolar amounts of n-[(4-cyano-4'biphenylyl)oxy]alkyl vinyl ether and freshly sublimated maleic anhydride (1-5 mmol).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyelectrolytes Carrying Pendant (Cyanobiphenylyl)oxy Mesogenic Groups. Preparation, Characterization, and pH-Dependent Behavior in Aqueous Solution

Nieuwkerk¹,

Marcelis²,

Sudhölter³

1995

Macromolecules

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Side-chain liquid crystalline polyelectrolytes containing terminal (cyanobiphenylyl)oxy moieties were obtained through hydrolysis of the corresponding poly(maleic anhydride-co-alkyl vinyl ether)s with spacer lengths of 6-12 methylene groups. All polymers display a liquid crystalline phase. The transition temperatures are lower for the more rigid polyimaleic anhydride-co-alkyl vinyl ether)s. The enthalpy gain associated with the phase transition decreases with increasing rigidity of the polymeric backbone and with decreasing spacer lengths. In aqueous solution all polyelectrolytes have two distinct apparent pvalues, 3.3 and 6.5, indicative for strong nearest neighbor interactions within a maleic acid moiety. At neutral pH a blue shift of the absorbance maximum is observed which increases with increasing spacer length. Above pH 8 the blue shift decreases, indicating a conformational transition of the polyelectrolytes from more compact microdomains to a more extended chain conformation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyelectrolytes Carrying Pendant (Cyanobiphenylyl)oxy Mesogenic Groups. Preparation, Characterization, and pH-Dependent Behavior in Aqueous Solution

Nieuwkerk¹,

Marcelis²,

Sudhölter³

1995

Macromolecules

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“…Four main synthetic pathways have been reported for the chemical modification of an alcohol with a functional vinyl ether: addition onto acetylene, 62 phase transfer catalysis based on a Williamson reaction (between an alcoholate and 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether), [63][64][65] the modification of vinyl acetate in the presence of an iridium complex, 66 and transetherification. 63,[67][68][69][70][71][72] This latter strategy has been extensively studied in the presence of either mercuric acetate or palladium acetate, especially by Watanabe and Conlon, 67 Mc Keon, 73 and Boutevin and Youssef. 63 This last study even compared the transetherification with the Williamson reaction.…”

Section: Preparation Of the Macromonomermentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of novel alternating fluorinated copolymers bearing oligo(ethylene oxide) side chains

Alaaeddine

Hess

Boschet

et al. 2012

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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The synthesis and characterization of novel poly(CTFE‐g‐oligoEO) graft copolymers [chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) and ethylene oxide (EO)] are presented. First, vinyl ether monomers bearing oligo(EO) were prepared by transetherification of ω‐hydroxyoligo(EO) with ethyl vinyl ether catalyzed by a palladium complex in 70–84% yields. Two vinyl ethers of different molecular weights (three and 10 EO units) were thus obtained. Then, radical copolymerization of the above vinyl ethers with CTFE led to alternating poly(CTFE‐alt‐VE) copolymers that bore oligo(OE) side chains in satisfactory yields (65%). These original poly(CTFE‐g‐oligoEO) graft copolymers were characterized by 1H, 19F, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Their molecular weights reached 19,000 g mol−1, and their thermal properties were investigated while their glass transition temperatures ranged between −42 and −36 °C. Their thermogravimetric analyses under air showed decomposition temperatures of 270 °C with 10% weight loss (Td,10%). These novel copolymers are of potential interest as polymer electrolytes in lithium ion batteries, showing room temperature conductivities ranging from 4.49 × 10−7 to 1.45 × 10−6 S cm−1 for unplasticized material. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013

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“…This is followed by the nucleophilic attack of carboxylate anions on carboxylic acid (B) and subsequent removal of X-ligand, which gives a palladium σ -complex (C). This σ -complex then undergoes β-acetate elimination to give Pd-complex and vinyl ester (D) as a product [13,14]. The individual rate constant for each step is not reported in the literature because it is difficult to isolate intermediates at each step.…”

Section: Kinetic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic modeling and optimization of operating parameters for transvinylation of lauric acid

Kamble

Manjarekar

Mawale

et al. 2012

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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The transition metal complex catalyzed transvinylation of carboxylic acid with vinyl acetate monomer is of significant interest to industry. The palladium complex catalyzed transvinylation of lauric acid using vinyl acetate monomer is a reversible reaction. In present article, design of experiments (DOE) statistics is used to study effects of various operating parameters on transvinylation of lauric acid. The kinetic parameters forward and backward rate constants and the thermodynamic parameters such as equilibrium constant and energy of activation of the transvinylation of lauric acid were estimated using the Dynochem model. The optimum operating parameters for the transvinylation of lauric acid were then predicted using the Dynochem model and verified by performing the actual experiments to validate the model. It was found that the experimental results match with the predicted one. C

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The palladium (II) catalyzed vinyl interchange reaction—I

Cited by 51 publications

References 3 publications

Polyelectrolytes Carrying Pendant (Cyanobiphenylyl)oxy Mesogenic Groups. Preparation, Characterization, and pH-Dependent Behavior in Aqueous Solution

Polyelectrolytes Carrying Pendant (Cyanobiphenylyl)oxy Mesogenic Groups. Preparation, Characterization, and pH-Dependent Behavior in Aqueous Solution

Synthesis and characterization of novel alternating fluorinated copolymers bearing oligo(ethylene oxide) side chains

Kinetic modeling and optimization of operating parameters for transvinylation of lauric acid

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