The paradox of enrichment in phytoplankton by induced competitive interactions

Tubay, Jerrold M.; Ito, Hiromu; Uehara, Takashi; Kakishima, Satoshi; Morita, Satoru; Togashi, Tatsuya; Tainaka, Kei–ichi; Niraula, M.; Casareto, Beatriz E.; Suzuki, Yuzuru; Yoshimura, Jin

doi:10.1038/srep02835

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Using a tree-based simulation model, Takenaka showed that the diversity of tree species is clearly affected by seedling establishment rate 14 . However, Takenaka’s model is an example of a lottery model 15 16 17 18 19 that will result to competitive exclusion if taken to sufficiently long time frames while our model can maintain stable coexistence given the same time frame, which is the major difference between our studies. Takenaka’s model is in line with prominent studies relating spatial heterogeneity and coexistence such as those of Chesson, Muko and Iwasa which are mostly based on a lottery model for sessile organisms 16 17 18 19 .…”

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confidence: 88%

Microhabitat locality allows multi-species coexistence in terrestrial plant communities

Tubay

Suzuki

Uehara

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Most terrestrial plant communities exhibit relatively high species diversity and many competitive species are ubiquitous. Many theoretical studies have been carried out to investigate the coexistence of a few competitive species and in most cases they suggest competitive exclusion. Theoretical studies have revealed that coexistence of even three or four species can be extremely difficult. It has been suggested that the coexistence of many species has been achieved by the fine differences in suitable microhabitats for each species, attributing to niche-separation. So far there is no explicit demonstration of such a coexistence in mathematical and simulation studies. Here we built a simple lattice Lotka-Volterra model of competition by incorporating the minute differences of suitable microhabitats for many species. By applying the site variations in species-specific settlement rates of a seedling, we achieved the coexistence of more than 10 species. This result indicates that competition between many species is avoided by the spatial variations in species-specific microhabitats. Our results demonstrate that coexistence of many species becomes possible by the minute differences in microhabitats. This mechanism should be applicable to many vegetation types, such as temperate forests and grasslands.

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confidence: 88%

Microhabitat locality allows multi-species coexistence in terrestrial plant communities

Tubay

Suzuki

Uehara

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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“…Nevertheless, cooperative or synergistic interactions result in richer phase diagrams, which may include discontinuous phase transitions, and have been a topic of intense research [5,6,[14][15][16][17][18]. Cooperation and competition have been investigated on multi-species interacting models in distinct ecological contexts [19][20][21][22][23][24]. Particularly, symbiotic interactions were recently investigated in a two-species contact process (2SCP) [24].…”

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confidence: 99%

Dynamical correlations and pairwise theory for the symbiotic contact process on networks

2019

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The two-species symbiotic contact process (2SCP) is a stochastic process where each vertex of a graph may be vacant or host at most one individual of each species. Vertices with both species have a reduced death rate, representing a symbiotic interaction, while the dynamics evolves according to the standard (single species) contact process rules otherwise. We investigate the role of dynamical correlations on the 2SCP on homogeneous and heterogeneous networks using pairwise mean-field theory. This approach is compared with the ordinary one-site theory and stochastic simulations. We show that our approach significantly outperforms the one-site theory. In particular, the stationary state of the 2SCP model on random regular networks is very accurately reproduced by the pairwise mean-field, even for relatively small values of vertex degree, where expressive deviations of the standard mean-field are observed. The pairwise approach is also able to capture the transition points accurately for heterogeneous networks and provides rich phase diagrams with transitions not predicted by the one-site method. Our theoretical results are corroborated by extensive numerical simulations.

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“…As this result suggests, habitat heterogeneity as it relates to the fitness of an individual has a great impact on the life history strategy and/or biodiversity. However, there are almost no studies that incorporate the spatial niche effect, except that of Tubay et al [42] , who investigated the biodiversity of phytoplankton in an aquatic ecosystem. It would therefore be useful to investigate biodiversity in an ecosystem with spatial heterogeneity, as opposed to in uniform (neutral) ecosystems [43] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Niche Facilitates Clonal Reproduction in Seed Plants under Temporal Disturbance

Fukui

Araki

2014

PLoS ONE

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The evolutionary origins and advantages of clonal reproduction relative to sexual reproduction have been discussed for several taxonomic groups. In particular, organisms with a sessile lifestyle are often exposed to spatial and temporal environmental fluctuations. Thus, clonal propagation may be advantageous in such fluctuating environments, for sessile species that can reproduce both sexually and clonally. Here we introduce the concept of niche to a lattice space that changes spatially and temporally, by incorporating the compatibility between the characteristics of a sessile clonal plant with its habitat into a spatially explicit individual-based model. We evaluate the impact of spatially and temporally heterogeneous environments on the evolution of reproductive strategies: the optimal balance between seed and clonal reproduction of a clonal plant. The spatial niche case with local habitats led to avoidance of specialization in reproductive strategy, whereas stable environments or intensive environmental change tended to result in specialization in either clonal or seed reproduction under neutral conditions. Furthermore, an increase in spatial niches made clonal reproduction advantageous, as a consequence of competition among several genets under disturbed conditions, because a ramet reached a favorable habitat through a rare long-distance dispersal event via seed production. Thus, the existence of spatial niches could explain the advantages of clonal propagation.

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The paradox of enrichment in phytoplankton by induced competitive interactions

Cited by 29 publications

References 50 publications

Microhabitat locality allows multi-species coexistence in terrestrial plant communities

Microhabitat locality allows multi-species coexistence in terrestrial plant communities

Dynamical correlations and pairwise theory for the symbiotic contact process on networks

Spatial Niche Facilitates Clonal Reproduction in Seed Plants under Temporal Disturbance

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