The paradox of modern animal husbandry and lameness

Döpfer, Dörte; Morlán, J. Bonino

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.02.013

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…We ascertained no important relationship between the change in TRS and the change in DD prevalence. Most current DD treatment and control measures are aimed at transition to or maintenance at the manageable M4 stage (Döpfer and Bonino Morlán, 2008). Because the M4 stage is the most important driver for transmission of DD (Biemans et al, 2018), it is a probable explanation for the lack of an association between the change in TRS and the change in DD prevalence in our study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Current treatment and control strategies focus on dealing with this bacterial load, but to date they have been unsuccessful in eradicating the disease from most herds (Yeruham and Perl, 1998). Generally, they result in an endemic balance, with a more or less stable prevalence and the majority An observational study on the management of digital dermatitis through a repeated risk assessment on 19 Dutch dairy herds A. Vanhoudt, 1 * K. Orsel, 2 M. Nielen, 1 and T. van Werven 1,3 of lesions remaining at the chronic M4 stage (Döpfer and Bonino Morlán, 2008;Biemans et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An observational study on the management of digital dermatitis through a repeated risk assessment on 19 Dutch dairy herds

Vanhoudt

Orsel

Nielen

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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The etiopathogenesis of bovine digital dermatitis (DD) is not well understood, but its risk factors on dairy farms have been studied extensively. The objective of this study was to identify associations between a DD risk score [determined by a DD risk assessment questionnaire (RAQ)] and DD prevalence (determined by an in-parlor M-score). We also investigated whether feedback for farmers on their DD management using the DD RAQ resulted in changes that decreased DD prevalence in their herds. The DD RAQ consisted of multiple-choice questions related to foot health, housing, and general management that were used to create a total risk score (TRS). In 2016 and 2018, the DD RAQ-together with a DD prevalence determination in the lactating herd-was used on 19 Dutch dairy farms from 1 veterinary practice. After each visit, farmers and their consulting veterinarians received a 1-page summary that identified herd-specific strengths and weaknesses in DD management. In 2018, the summary included suggestions for improvement. In 2019, farmers and veterinarians were contacted to ask whether the use of the DD RAQ and the 1-page summary had led them to implement changes in their DD management in 2016 and 2018. We tested the association between TRS and DD prevalence using linear mixed model analysis. The TRS ranged from 13 to 65% and 20 to 68% in 2016 and 2018, respectively. Herd DD prevalence ranged from 15 to 59% and 27 to 69% in 2016 and 2018, respectively. For both years, the DD RAQ identified that DIM, herd size, and breed were often present in a manner associated with increased risk for DD. The linear mixed model analysis identified that each 10-point increase in TRS was associated with an increase in herd DD prevalence of less than 1%. The association between TRS and herd DD prevalence was caused mainly by risk factors related to housing. We found no important relationship between change in TRS and change in DD prevalence between the 2 visits. Only a few farmers indicated some form of change in their DD management following a visit. Veterinarians in general said that they discussed the 1-page summaries and DD control with farmers during a routine visit, but the majority admitted a lack of follow-up. We propose that the DD RAQ could be used as a tool to start a discussion on DD control on farm, but simply undertaking a DD RAQ and providing a 1-page summary of the results was insufficient to initiate behavioral change that led to a decrease in DD prevalence.

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confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An observational study on the management of digital dermatitis through a repeated risk assessment on 19 Dutch dairy herds

Vanhoudt

Orsel

Nielen

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…In general, DD is an endemic disease on farms and it is controlled when the "manageable state of disease" is reached (Döpfer and Bonino Morlán, 2008). The "manageable state of disease" is defined when the DD prevalence present in the farm makes the likelihood of an outbreak small and the economic consequences due to DD is balanced with the cost of DD prevention control.…”

Section: Development Of the Elisa As A Diagnosticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve a "manageable state of disease" (Döpfer and Bonino Morlán, 2008), identifying individual cases of DD as early as possible and acting promptly upon diagnosis is of paramount importance. Clinical inspection of the foot by means of individual restraint is generally recognized as the gold standard diagnostic procedure (Stokes et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response against Treponema spp. and ELISA detection of digital dermatitis

Gómez

Anklam

Cook

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the immune response against Treponema spp. infection in dairy heifers affected with digital dermatitis (DD). In addition, the accuracy of an indirect ELISA detecting anti-Treponema IgG antibodies in identifying clinical DD status has been assessed. A cohort of 688 pregnant Holstein heifers was evaluated at least 3 times before calving during a period of 6 mo. Complete clinical assessment of DD presence on the back feet of each heifer and blood extraction were performed in a stand-up chute. Digital dermatitis cases were characterized by the M-stage classification system and size and level of skin proliferation. An ELISA was performed on blood serum samples obtained from a subcohort of 130 heifers. For description purposes, the animals were classified by the number of clinical cases experienced during the study period as type I (no clinical cases were observed), type II (only 1 acute clinical case diagnosed), and type III (at least 2 acute clinical cases diagnosed). Multivariable repeated-measures models were used to evaluate the immune response against Treponema spp. infection. A binormal Bayesian model for the ELISA data without cut-point values was used to assess the accuracy of the ELISA as a diagnostic tool. Animals that never experienced a DD event throughout the study kept a constant low level of antibody titer. A 56% increase in mean ELISA titer was observed in heifers upon a first clinical DD case diagnosis. After topical treatment of an acute DD case with oxytetracycline, the antibody titer decreased progressively in type II heifers, achieving mean levels of those observed in healthy cows after a mean of 223 d. Surprisingly, antibody titer was not increased in the presence of M1 (DD lesion <20mm in diameter surrounded by healthy skin) and M4.1 (DD lesion <20mm in diameter embedded in a circumscribed dyskeratotic or proliferative skin alteration) DD stages. Type III cows showed a slight increase in antibody levels. The presence of skin proliferation at first DD diagnosis was found to be associated with an odds ratio of 2.04 of becoming a type III heifer in relation to heifers presenting first lesions without skin proliferation. The ELISA validity was estimated by an area under the curve of 0.88. Predicted probabilities of infection are provided for a range of ELISA values and prevalence of infection. Early detection and treatment is essential to control DD and the ELISA can be used in understanding the immunopathology of DD and shows great promise for prescreening purposes during DD management programs in combination with traditional clinical inspection.

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“…Furthermore, clinical lameness was rarely associated with DD under New Zealand conditions [12], it is therefore likely that DD will have only limited impacts on herd-level production [13]. However, routine monitoring of DD is still recommended to identify early cases of the disease and to make sure DD remains manageable at the herd level [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the transmission dynamics of bovine digital dermatitis in New Zealand pastoral dairy production systems

Yang

Laven

Müller

et al. 2020

Vet Res

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Bovine digital dermatitis (DD) is an important infectious cause of cattle lameness worldwide that has become increasingly prevalent in New Zealand pastoral dairy herds. In this study, a simplified DD scoring system after considering both M and Iowa DD scoring systems was applied to explore the transmission dynamics of DD in a typical springcalving pastoral New Zealand dairy herd. The modified model only included three compartments: normal skin, early stage lesions and advanced lesions. Lesions regressing after treatment were excluded as DD lesions are rarely treated in New Zealand. Furthermore, sub-classes within each lesion class were not defined due to the lack of variability in DD lesion presentations within New Zealand. The model was validated based on longitudinal field data from three dairy herds in the Waikato region during one lactation season . The model suggested that in infected dairy herds, although DD prevalence will tend to increase year-on-year it is likely to remain relatively low (< 18%) even after 10 years of within-herd transmission. It is likely that the low transmission rate during the late lactation (model assumption) results in more cases resolving than developing during this period and therefore results in the low prevalence of infectious cattle at the start of each subsequent lactation. Cattle with advanced lesions had a stronger influence on the establishment and maintenance of DD than cattle with early stage lesions highlighting the importance of targeting these animals for intervention. On-going monitoring of DD is highly recommended to assess the long-term progression of the disease in affected dairy herds. © The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article' s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article'

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The paradox of modern animal husbandry and lameness

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

An observational study on the management of digital dermatitis through a repeated risk assessment on 19 Dutch dairy herds

An observational study on the management of digital dermatitis through a repeated risk assessment on 19 Dutch dairy herds

Immune response against Treponema spp. and ELISA detection of digital dermatitis

Modelling the transmission dynamics of bovine digital dermatitis in New Zealand pastoral dairy production systems

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