The Paradox of the Neoliberal Developmentalist State: Reconstructing the Capitalist Elite in Pinochet’s Chile

Clark, Timothy D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53255-4_2

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The expansion of a market ideology in the 1970s and 1980s in diverse areas of daily life not only transformed the Chilean capitalist model but also promoted the idea that businesspersons are themselves the drivers of social progress (Clark, 2018, p. 34). These conditions led competition to be assumed as a natural mechanism for social coordination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies on the Chilean economic elite highlight its strikingly high ideological cohesion, significant differences between its political preferences and those of the rest of the population, and its ability to block social reforms (Clark, 2018; Fairfield, 2015; Fourcade & Babb, 2003; Sánchez-Ancochea, 2017). Sharing the same social origin and moral and religious standards enhances permanence in prestigious positions and low downward mobility (Moya and Hernández, 2014; Thumala, 2007).…”

Section: Elites and The Moral Economy Of Merit And Meritocracymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on income data from administrative sources, his results indicate that wealthy family background and school education prevail to reach top positions. Being enrolled in highly selective business-focused programs leads only male students from wealthy backgrounds to leadership positions and top incomes, thus widening gaps in top attainment by gender and baseline status (Zimmerman, 2019) Previous studies on the Chilean economic elite highlight its strikingly high ideological cohesion, significant differences between its political preferences and those of the rest of the population, and its ability to block social reforms (Clark, 2018;Fairfield, 2015;Fourcade & Babb, 2003;Sánchez-Ancochea, 2017). Sharing the same social origin and moral and religious standards enhances permanence in prestigious positions and low downward mobility (Moya and Hernández, 2014;Thumala, 2007).…”

Section: Why Chile?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Economic Elites’ Attitudes Toward Meritocracy in Chile: A Moral Economy Perspective

Atria

Castillo

Maldonado

et al. 2020

American Behavioral Scientist

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We analyze economic elites’ perceptions and beliefs about meritocracy from a moral economy perspective. A moral economy perspective considers how norms and beliefs structure socioeconomic practices through the constitution and expression of what is considered acceptable, proper, and legitimate. Our study explores how economic elites make sense of the roles of talent and effort in the distribution of resources and how they reconcile the idea of meritocracy within a rigid social order. The site of our study is Chile, a country with fluid mobility between low and middle classes, but with high and persistent disparities and strong barriers to elite positions. We conducted 44 semistructured interviews with shareholders, board members, and high-level executives of large or high-turnover companies in three major Chilean cities. We find that the economic elite strongly support meritocracy but explain access to top positions based on talent rather than effort. The economic elite define talent in terms of business and leadership skills. They attribute upward mobility in the private sector to meritocratic practice. At the same time, they view the public sector as the epitome of nonmeritocratic practices, incompetence, and inefficiency. They profess empathy with the poor, but they reject redistributive policies. The economic elite believe in the primacy of competition in economic life and the necessity of continual economic growth, and thus, they understand meritocracy as both the means to survive in a market economy and a responsible approach to lead national development.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Elites and The Moral Economy Of Merit And Meritocracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Why Chile?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Economic Elites’ Attitudes Toward Meritocracy in Chile: A Moral Economy Perspective

Atria

Castillo

Maldonado

et al. 2020

American Behavioral Scientist

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“…However, the aim of this section is to refer instead to the literature that addresses religions as part of the ideological frameworks of non-religious 'secular' elites. Besides studies that touch upon some religious traits in the socio-political identity of elites (Mills 2000: 60;Clark 2018), some works that discuss more substantially the different roles of religions and religious values in the elites' ideological frameworks can be found in the specialized literature. The latter include both historical and contemporary empirical cases and different theoretical approaches.…”

Section: Religious Ideologies and "Secular" Elitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religions and Political Elites in Latin America: Analysing Youth Political Elites through Religious Technologies of Government in Mexico

Zavala-Pelayo

2019

Iberoamericana – Nordic Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies

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Based on findings from empirical research in Mexico, this paper proposes a historically-reflexive governmentality approach for the study of religions and political elites in Latin America. It argues that the ideological frameworks of political elites are not only influenced by political and economic criteria and institutions but also by meta-institutional religious technologies of government that can be traced back to the colonial period and the operation of a Catholic governmental regime in Latin America. The paper discusses the case of the peculiar colonial-era technology of charity, its transformations, and its traces in the political rationality of members of youth political elites in 21 st -century Mexico.

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“…El gobierno militar escogió un reducido número de grupos económicos para organizar el proceso económico, garantizándoles el acceso a los recursos naturales necesarios para el desarrollo de las plantaciones, fundamentalmente la tierra y el trabajo barato (Clark, 2018). Además, tecnología e infraestructura fueron transferidos o provistos, y el soporte financiero fue garantizado en forma de subsidios, exención de impuestos y líneas de crédito suave.…”

Section: La Conformación De Las Plantaciones Forestales En Chileunclassified

Plantaciones forestales en Chile: ¿hacia un modelo más sustentable?

Mora-Motta¹

2018

Gest. Ambient.

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Las plantaciones de pino y eucalipto en Chile siguen estando en el corazón del modelo de desarrollo del país, pero sufren una crisis de legitimación que deriva de un profundo descontento social por sus efectos socio-ecológicos a nivel local. Tras problematizar las plantaciones chilenas como un proceso (neo)extractivista, el presente trabajo ubica su expansión en un contexto histórico y se enfoca en analizar el efecto del giro hacia una ‘economía verde’ en el marco del cual se reestructura la política forestal, buscando un aparente modelo más sostenible. Basándome en una revisión de literatura y de las políticas asociadas a este giro, argumento que los elementos discursivos y prácticos que en éste se articulan ofrecen oportunidades para una nueva fase expansiva de las plantaciones. Dicha fase está marcada por una combinación de estrategias de apropiación de la naturaleza que buscan tanto la extensión de plantaciones a las últimas fronteras de recursos como la generación de nuevos espacios de apropiación, que se materializan en oportunidades concretas para una nueva expansión material.

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The Paradox of the Neoliberal Developmentalist State: Reconstructing the Capitalist Elite in Pinochet’s Chile

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Economic Elites’ Attitudes Toward Meritocracy in Chile: A Moral Economy Perspective

Economic Elites’ Attitudes Toward Meritocracy in Chile: A Moral Economy Perspective

Religions and Political Elites in Latin America: Analysing Youth Political Elites through Religious Technologies of Government in Mexico

Plantaciones forestales en Chile: ¿hacia un modelo más sustentable?

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