The paranoid person: cognitive motivations and personality traits

Kreitler, Shulamith; Kreitler, Hans

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0984(199706)11:2<101::aid-per279>3.0.co;2-x

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The answer that is proposed in the present article is that traits are patterns of meaning assignment tendencies . This answer, which has first been suggested in the book entitled The Cognitive Foundations of Personality Traits (Kreitler & Kreitler, ) and later elaborated upon in many further studies and publications (e.g., Kreitler, , ; Kreitler & Kreitler, ), is based on the assumption that the sphere of meaning is the theoretical abode for traits. In the next sections, the system of meaning will be presented, as well as the empirical basis for the proposed definition of traits and its theoretical and practical implications.…”

Section: The Problem Of Traitsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, a study with paranoid patients showed that applying the procedure of assessing traits by the Test of Meanings (see above) enabled assessing 124 personality traits in a paranoid and healthy sample on the basis of the same patterns of meaning assignment tendencies (Kreitler & Kreitelr, ). Further studies are needed for specifying in which samples the patterns of meaning assignment tendencies corresponding to traits are affected appreciably by the mental disorders.…”

Section: Personality Traits and Meaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personality Traits as Patterns of Meaning Assignment Tendencies

Kreitler

2017

Journal of Personality

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Objective: The purpose is to present a new conception about the nature of personality traits based on the Kreitler Meaning System. The major constructs of the meaning system are referent, meaning value, meaning unit, and meaning variables characterizing the meaning unit. The individual's meaning profile is the set of meaning variables the individual uses as assessed by the Test of Meanings. Personality traits are defined as patterns of meaning assignment tendencies. Method: After introducing the meaning system, the article describes the new conception of personality traits and presents the example of extraversion. Correlation coefficients of four different extraversion scales with the meaning profiles are analyzed. Results: The findings enable defining the meaning profile of extraversion and validating it in view of the information available about extraoversion. Conclusions: Implications of the new conception are providing insight into the structure, nature, and dynamics of a trait, a factor, or a cluster of traits; comparing traits; validating traits; describing interactions between traits; assessing traits by the Test of Meanings; assessing traits and anti-traits; identifying traits; classifying traits; describing traits in interaction with other tendencies; and applying interventions for modifying traits. Applications concerning attitudes, cognitive performance, emotions, defenses, coping, and psychopathology are presented.

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Section: The Problem Of Traitsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Personality Traits and Meaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality Traits as Patterns of Meaning Assignment Tendencies

Kreitler

2017

Journal of Personality

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“…Again, as in the case of cognitive acts, the pattern of meaning variables may be seen as providing a description of the contents and processes involved in the enactment of the specific trait. For example, the meaning variables in the pattern corresponding to extraversion are characterized by high salience of the meaning dimensions of action, sensory qualities, temporal qualities and belongingness of objects, as well as low salience of the meaning dimensions of internal sensations and cognitive qualities [18,43]. If the individual's meaning profile includes a sufficient proportion of the meaning variables found also in the pattern corresponding to the particular personality trait, it is highly likely that the individual scores high on that personality trait.…”

Section: Meaning: the Theory And The Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Place Attachment as a Function of Meaning Assignment

Casakin¹,

Kreitler²

2008

TOENVIRSJ

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By interacting with their environments individuals create bonds and links. In the course of this interaction, anonymous spaces are converted into places endowed with meaning, which serve as objects of attachment. Attachment is defined as a construct representing mainly the emotional bond to a location, but which includes also cognitions and meaning, and is related to personality tendencies of the individual. In this study, information processing tendencies of different aspects of place attachment were investigated. Information processing tendencies were defined in terms of the Meaning Theory that deals with identifying cognitive processes involved in the performance of diverse acts and were assessed by means of the Meaning Test. A focus was set on four aspects of place attachment dealing with: preferences for open or closed spaces, grasping place atmospheres, considering the matching of places to actions, and caring about orientation in space. These attitudes were assessed by a Likert-type questionnaire. The participants were 36 architecture students. Associations between place attachment and information processing tendencies were analyzed by t-tests. Results showed significant and meaningful relations between aspects of place attachment and processing tendencies. Implications for environmental design are proposed.

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“…The availability of the program is often assumed, and may be tested by means of observation or self-report. As noted, the described method enabled successful predictions of different behaviors (e.g., achievement, reactions to success and failure, coming on time, reactions to danger, smoking, quitting smoking, overeating, undergoing cancer-detection tests, curiosity, planning, assertiveness, paranoia, communicability, applying defenses, deceiving, compliance in diabetics) in different populations (healthy adults, children, retarded or psychopathological individuals) (Kreitler, Chaitchik, Kreitler, & Weissler, 1994;, 1991, 1993, 1997Kreitler, Shahar, & Kreitler, 1976;Kreitler, Schwartz, & Kreitler, 1987;Lobel, 1982;Nurymberg, Kreitler, & Weissler, 1996;Tipton & Riebsame, 1987;Westhoff & Halbach-Suarez, 1989).…”

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confidence: 94%

The cognitive‐orientation theory of anorexia nervosa

Kreitler¹,

Bachar²,

Canetti³

et al. 2003

J Clin Psychol

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The major goal was to explore the cognitive-motivational dynamics of anorexia in terms of the cognitive-orientation (CO) theory (Kreitler & Kreitler, 1982). CO is a comprehensive theory of behavior that assumes that behavior is a function of a cognitively shaped motivational disposition and performance. The study deals with the motivational disposition for anorexia. It focused on examining whether beliefs of four types (about self, goals, norms, and reality) concerning themes relevant for anorexia (defined in pretests) identify correctly anorectics. All participants were women 15 to 18 years old: 58 anorectics (35 restricting, 23 binge eating/purging) and 59 matched healthy controls. All were administered a background-information questionnaire and the CO-Anorexia questionnaire assessing beliefs about 30 themes. The results showed that the themes formed 5 clusters defined by foci, such as dissociation from reality, the body, drives or emotionality, and identified significantly the anorectics of each type and the healthy controls. A brief CO questionnaire was developed. Discussion centered on the similarity of the identified themes to some of those discussed by others, on the pathogeneity of the CO of anorexia, and on outlining a blueprint of a theory of anorexia.

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The paranoid person: cognitive motivations and personality traits

Cited by 12 publications

References 65 publications

Personality Traits as Patterns of Meaning Assignment Tendencies

Personality Traits as Patterns of Meaning Assignment Tendencies

Place Attachment as a Function of Meaning Assignment

The cognitive‐orientation theory of anorexia nervosa

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