The parasitic angiosperm<i>Striga hermonthica</i>can reduce photosynthesis of its sorghum and maize hosts in the field

Gurney, A. L.; Press, M. C.; Ransom, Joel K.

doi:10.1093/jxb/46.12.1817

Cited by 83 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…Under these conditions, Tiémarifing and Framida were significantly more tolerant than CK60-B and E36-1. Sensitivity of CK60-B was earlier reported by Gurney et al (1995) while tolerance of Tiémarifing was observed by van Ast et al (2000). However, to arrive at this conclusion, only 36% of the experimental units were used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Hess personal communication). Framida represented a resistant genotype (El-Hiweris, 1987) while Tiémarifing was selected for its high tolerance (van Ast et al, 2000;Gurney et al, 1995). The Striga hermonthica seeds, used for infestation were collected at Samanko, Mali in 1998(2003W and 2004W) and 2001 from plants parasitizing sorghum.…”

Section: Experimental Sites and Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of host tolerance to Striga hermonthica

2006

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SummaryOne of the most promising control options against the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica is the use of crop varieties that combine resistance with high levels of tolerance. The aim of this study was to clarify the relation between Striga infestation level, Striga infection level and relative yield loss of sorghum and to use this insight for exploring the options for a proper screening procedure for tolerance. In three pot experiments, conducted in Mali (2003) and The Netherlands (2003, 2004), four sorghum genotypes were exposed to a range of Striga infestation levels, ranging from 0.0625 to 16 seeds cm . Observations included regular Striga emergence counts and sorghum grain yield at maturity.There were significant genotype, infestation and genotype × infestation effects on sorghum yield. The relation between infestation level and infection level was density dependent. Furthermore, the relation between Striga infection level and relative yield loss was non-linear, though for the most resistant genotype Framida only the linear part of the relation was obtained, as even at high infestation levels only moderate infection levels were achieved. The results suggest that for resistant genotypes, tolerance can best be quantified as a reduced relative yield loss per aboveground Striga plant, whereas for less resistant genotypes the maximum relative yield loss can best be used. Whether both expressions of tolerance are interrelated could not be resolved. Complications of screening for tolerance under field conditions are discussed.Abbreviations: ASNPC, area under the Striga number progress curve; DW kernel , dry weight of kernel yield (g); NS max , maximum aboveground Striga numbers; RYL, relative yield loss (%); Y s , observed yield of an individual plant grown under Striga infestation (g); Y c , average kernel yield of all control plants of a specific genotype (g)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Experimental Sites and Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of host tolerance to Striga hermonthica

2006

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“…The possibility of transferring such strong resistance into cultivated maize through breeding programs to build durable resistance appears likely. In the evaluations which took into account the presence and absence of Striga, the sorghum cultivar Ochuti tolerated Striga in Kenya (Gurney et al, 1995). Similar findings were obtained in the maize cultivar Staha in Tanzania (Gurney et al, 2002), maize genotypes CG4141 and R201 (Musambasi, 1997;Mabasa, 2003) in Zimbabwe, a land race sorghum cultivar, Tiemaringfing in Mali (Ast et al, 2000), the following sorghum varieties KSV-4, NR71150 and NR71182 when 50 to 250 kg / ha Nitrogen (N) was added.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening Maize (Zea mays) Genotypes for Tolerance to Witchweed (Striga asiatica L. Kuntze) Infection

Chitagu¹,

Rugare²,

Mabasa³

2014

JAS

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Striga asiatica (witchweed) is a parasitic weed that is a serious threat to maize (Zea mays L.) production in semi-arid environments in Africa. A pot experiment was conducted under glasshouse conditions to screen nine maize cultivars for their tolerance / tolerance to Striga infection at the University of Zimbabwe in the 2012 / 2013 rainfall season. Striga did not significantly (P > 0.05) reduce the final maize height of the maize cultivars, with the exception of three maize cultivars, namely, PHB3253, PHB30G19 and PHB30B50. Furthermore Striga did not significantly (P > 0.05) reduce the stem biomass, leaf biomass and cob biomass of all the maize cultivars evaluated. Generally the maize cultivars had significantly (P < 0.05) higher root / shoot ratios in the Striga infected plants compared to the uninfected plants. It was concluded that all the maize genotypes used in this study could possibly be tolerant to S. asiatica.

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“…However, the main part (80-84%) of the yield loss is caused by a pathogenic effect and its attendant decreased levels of cytokinins and giberellic acid (Drennan and El Hiweris 1979), and increased levels of abscisic acid (ABA) in the infected host plant (Drennan and El Hiweris 1979;Taylor et al 1996;Ackroyd and Graves 1997;Frost et al 1997). The latter cause reduced stomatal conductance, one of the reasons for reduced CO 2 -assimilation of infected hosts (Prabhakara Setty and Hosmani 1981;Press and Stewart 1987;Graves et al 1989;Gurney et al 1995;Smith et al 1995;Gurney et al 1999). CO 2 -assimilation of Striga infected host plants is further negatively affected through a reduced efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus (Gurney et al 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies revealed that tolerant host plant genotypes are able to maintain high levels of CO 2 -assimilation upon infection (Gurney et al 1995;Gurney et al 2002). Therefore, this study explored options for the use of CO 2 -assimilation and related chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics as indirect selection traits in screening host plant genotypes for tolerance to Striga.…”

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confidence: 99%

CO2-assimilation and chlorophyll fluorescence as indirect selection criteria for host tolerance against Striga

Rodenburg¹,

Bastiaans²,

Schapendonk

et al. 2007

Euphytica

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Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. is a parasitic weed on tropical cereals causing serious yield losses in Africa. The use of host crop varieties with improved resistance and tolerance against this parasite is a key component of an integrated control strategy. Breeding for tolerance is however seriously hampered by the absence of reliable and yet practical selection measures. The observation that the photosynthetic rate of tolerant genotypes is less sensitive to Striga infection was used as a starting point to search for suitable selection measures. In a greenhouse pot experiment the effect of Striga infection on the photosynthesis of four sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) genotypes, differing in Striga tolerance level, was measured at three moments in time (26, 48 and 75 days after sowing). Genotypes were CK60-B, E36-1, Framida and Tiémarifing. Measurements involved CO 2 -assimilation (A) and three chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics (electron transport rate through photosystem II [ETR], photochemical [Pq] and non-photochemical quenching [NPq]). Striga infection negatively affected A, ETR and Pq. Based on A and Pq, genotypes with superior levels of tolerance (Tiémarifing) could be discriminated from genotypes with superior level of resistance (Framida). Both A and Pq showed high heritabilities and consequently clear and predictable differences between genotypes. Using discriminative ability, heritability and cost effectiveness as main criteria, photochemical quenching (Pq) was concluded to possess the highest potential to serve as indirect selection measure for host plant tolerance to Striga. Screening should preferably be conducted at relatively high Striga infestation levels, between Striga emergence and host plant flowering.

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The parasitic angiospermStriga hermonthicacan reduce photosynthesis of its sorghum and maize hosts in the field

Cited by 83 publications

References 9 publications

Characterization of host tolerance to Striga hermonthica

Characterization of host tolerance to Striga hermonthica

Screening Maize (Zea mays) Genotypes for Tolerance to Witchweed (Striga asiatica L. Kuntze) Infection

CO2-assimilation and chlorophyll fluorescence as indirect selection criteria for host tolerance against Striga

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