The Parasomnias: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Diagnostic Approach

Avidan, Alon Y.; Kaplish, Neeraj

doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2010.02.015

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…Somnambulism occurs during the period of slow wave sleep (stages 3 and 4) due to impairment in the normal mechanisms of arousal from sleep, leading to abnormal motor behaviors without complete awareness [9]. Atypical antipsychotics, such as olanzapine and risperidone, may enhance the slow wave sleep by blocking 5-HT 2C receptors, leading to various parasomnias [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risperidone-induced Somnambulism: A Case Report and Brief Review of Literature

Najmi

Siddiqui

Ray

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risperidone-induced Somnambulism: A Case Report and Brief Review of Literature

Najmi

Siddiqui

Ray

et al. 2020

Cureus

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“…These observations suggest that clonazepam is an option for treating NT. It is well known that benzodiazepines inhibit stages 3 and 4, which are known as slow-wave sleep of the NREM sleep (13); NT occurs at this stage of sleep (3). Therefore, it is believed that benzodiazepines play a crucial part in the treatment of NT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) classification, parasomnias are mainly divided into four categories: nightmare disorder (dream anxiety disorder), sleep terror disorder (night terror; NT), sleepwalking disorder, and parasomnia not otherwise specified (2). In the International Diagnostic Classification of Sleep and Arousal Disorders (ICSD-2) classification, parasomnias have been mainly divided into three groups: arousal disorders (stimulation disorders), parasomnias usually associated with rapid eye movement (REM), and other parasomnias (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Approach to Sleep Terror: Two Case Reports

Turan

Gündüz

Polat

et al. 2015

Arch Neuropsychiatr

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Parasomnias are a group of disorders characterized by abnormal behaviors, physical activities, and autonomic arousal symptoms while transition to sleep or continuation of sleep. Sleep terror (ST) is classified under parasomnias characterized by sudden fear attacks beginning with crying attacks or high-frequency screams and continuing with increased autonomic symptoms. ST occurs in the first few hours of sleep during the delta phase. Further, the lifetime prevalence of ST in adults is less than 1%. It is important to obtain; anamnesis from patients' bed partner for a clinical evaluation of ST. Methods, such as evaluating sleep diaries and video recordings, can help ST diagnosis. It is also important to evaluate patients' medical history, history of substance or alcohol abuse, psychological traumatic experiences, primary or secondary incomes, and detailed neurological aspects. Physician can select some serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or tricyclic antidepressants (TCADs) as medical treatment if patients have a high frequency of attacks. Because of addiction and relapse of ST episodes, benzodiazepines are not preferred as the first-line treatment. In this study, we will discuss ST, which is rare in adulthood, and use of long-acting benzodiazepine based on two cases.

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“…Night terrors and emergence delirium SIR-Night terrors belong to the parasomnia group of sleep disorders. They occur during the first third of night-time sleep during arousal from stage 3 of the nonrapid eye movement phase (1). Night terrors are characterized by sudden arousal followed by screaming and crying.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A key feature is that the subject will be inconsolable and will not want to be touched or comforted. Additionally, they will act afraid, agitated, and anxious (1). Such an episode may last for up to 30 min, and afterward, the subject will have no recollection of the episode.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%