The Parotoid Gland Secretion from Peruvian Toad Rhinella horribilis (Wiegmann, 1833): Chemical Composition and Effect on the Proliferation and Migration of Lung Cancer Cells

Schmeda-Hirschmann, Guillermo; Andrade, Jean Paulo de; Soto-Vásquez, Marilú Roxana; Alvarado-García, Paúl Alan Arkin; Palominos, Charlotte; Fuentes-Retamal, Sebastián; Mellado, M; Correa, Pablo; Urra, Félix A.

doi:10.3390/toxins12090608

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…These compounds inhibited the growth of the Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis strain, and their MIC were 12.9, 50.0, and 14.3 μM, respectively [ 7 ]. These bufadienolides were also identified in Rhinella horribilis [ 52 ]. The discovery of these compounds, effective against these fungal strains, will allow the development of therapeutic agents that treat infections caused in humans and other animals [ 53 ].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activities Of Compounds From Toads’ Cutaneous ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Compounds from Skin Secretions of Species That Belong to the Bufonidae Family

Ibarra-Vega

Salazar-Monge

Zatarain-Palacios

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Skin secretions of toads are a complex mixture of molecules. The substances secreted comprise more than 80 different compounds that show diverse pharmacological activities. The compounds secreted through skin pores and parotid glands are of particular interest because they help toads to endure in habitats full of pathogenic microbes, i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, due to their content of components such as bufadienolides, alkaloids, and antimicrobial peptides. We carried out an extensive literature review of relevant articles published until November 2022 in ACS Publications, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. It was centered on research addressing the biological characterization of the compounds identified in the species of genera Atelopus, Bufo, Duttaphrynus, Melanophryniscus, Peltopryne, Phrynoidis, Rhaebo, and Rhinella, with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic activities; as well as studies performed with analogous compounds and skin secretions of toads that also showed these activities. This review shows that the compounds in the secretions of toads could be candidates for new drugs to treat infectious diseases or be used to develop new molecules with better properties from existing ones. Some compounds in this review showed activity against microorganisms of medical interest such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Coronavirus varieties, HIV, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania chagasi, Plasmodium falciparum, and against different kinds of fungi that affect plants of economic interest.

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Section: Antimicrobial Activities Of Compounds From Toads’ Cutaneous ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Compounds from Skin Secretions of Species That Belong to the Bufonidae Family

Ibarra-Vega

Salazar-Monge

Zatarain-Palacios

et al. 2023

Toxins

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“…They were found in the parotoid gland secretion (PGS) of Rhinella horribilis together with alkaloids and argininyl diacids (Schmeda‐Hirschmann et al, 2020). Marinobufagin was identified as the main bufadienolide in R. marina the Peruvian Amazon toad.…”

Section: Introductionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The argininyl diacid derivatives of telocinobufagin, hellebrigenin, bufotalinin, and resibufogenin were also present in this Amazonian toad. Studying their anticancer effects revealed that changes in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell cycle arrest mediate the proliferation of MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells (Schmeda‐Hirschmann et al, 2020). Bufalin, telocinobufagin, cinobufagin, and marinobufagin were reported to be the most common bufadienolides in the venom of toads.…”

Section: Introductionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toad venom bufadienolides and bufotoxins: An updated review

Asrorov,

Kayumov,

Mukhamedov

et al. 2023

Drug Development Research

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Bufadienolides, naturally found in toad venoms having steroid‐like structures, reveal antiproliferative effects at low doses. However, their application as anticancer drugs is strongly prevented by their Na+/K+‐ATPase binding activities. Although several kinds of research were dedicated to moderating their Na+/K+‐ATPase binding activity, still deeper fundamental knowledge is required to bring these findings into medical practice. In this work, we reviewed data related to anticancer activity of bufadienolides such as bufalin, arenobufagin, bufotalin, gamabufotalin, cinobufotalin, and cinobufagin and their derivatives. Bufotoxins, derivatives of bufadienolides containing polar molecules mainly belonging to argininyl residues, are reviewed as well. The established structures of bufotoxins have been compiled into a one‐page figure to review their structures. We also highlighted advances in the structure‐modification of the structure of compounds in this class. Drug delivery approaches to target these compounds to tumor cells were discussed in one section. The issues related to extraction, identification, and quantification are separated into another section.

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“…Thus, three papers describe the effects of toad poisons. For example, in the parotoid gland secretion of the toad Rhinella horribilis, more than 50 compounds (including alkaloids, bufadienolides, and argininyl diacids derivatives) are identified using HPLC-MS/MS [1]. The secretion and one of its fractions manifest antiproliferative activity against A549 cancer cells.…”

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confidence: 99%