The paroxysmal dyskinesias

Nardocci, Nardo; Fernández-Álvarez, E; Wood, Nicholas; Spacey, Sian; Richter, Angelika

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511629419.010

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Clinical and genetic features of the three main types of PD (PKD, PNKD, PED) will be further discussed in detail [Guerrini et al 2002;Jankovic and Demirkiran, 2002;Nardocci et al 2002;Bhatia, 1999Bhatia, , 2001 (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal dyskinesias revisited

Unterberger

Trinka

2008

Ther Adv Neurol Disord

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Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PDs) are a rare group of hyperkinetic movement disorders mainly characterized by their episodic nature. Neurological examination may be entirely normal between the attacks. Three main types of PDs can be distinguished based on their precipitating events -(i) paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesias (PKD), (ii) paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesias (PNKD) and (iii) paroxysmal exercise-induced (exertion-induced) dyskinesias (PED). The diagnosis of PDs is based on their clinical presentation and precipitating events. Substantial progress has been made in the field of genetics and PDs. Treatment options mainly include anticonvulsants and benefit of treatment is depending on the type of PD. Most important differential diagnosis are non-epileptic psychogenic, non-epileptic organic and epileptic attack disorders, especially nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal dyskinesias revisited

Unterberger

Trinka

2008

Ther Adv Neurol Disord

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“…The dt sz hamster represents a unique rodent model of idiopathic paroxysmal dystonia. It shows all phenotypic features of this type of dystonia in humans, characterized by long‐lasting attacks of generalized dystonia that can be provoked by stress and caffeine (Abbott and Nelson, 2000; Nardocci et al, 2002; Raike et al, 2005; Richter, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Altered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence in dt^sz mutant hamsters reflects differences in striatal metabolism between severe and mild dystonia

Hamann

Richter

Fink

et al. 2008

J of Neuroscience Research

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The dt(sz) mutant hamster represents a unique rodent model of idiopathic paroxysmal dystonia. Previous data, collected post-mortem or in anesthetized hamsters under basal conditions, indicated the critical involvement of enhanced striatal neuronal activity. To assess the importance of an enhanced striatal neuronal activity directly during a dystonic episode, continuous monitoring of changes in brain metabolism and therefore neuronal activity indirectly in awake, freely moving animals is necessary. Determination of CNS metabolism by NADH measurement by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in conscious dt(sz) and nondystonic control hamsters revealed reversible decreased NADH fluorescence during dystonic episodes. The degree of change corresponded to the severity of dystonia. This study represents the first application of this innovative method in freely moving animals exhibiting a movement disorder. Our data clearly confirm that the expression of paroxysmal dystonia in dt(sz) mutant hamsters is associated with enhanced striatal neuronal activity and further underscore the versatile application of NADH fluorescence measurements in neuroscience.

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“…Im Weiteren werden die klinischen und genetischen Charakteristika der drei Hauptgruppen der paroxysmalen Dyskinesien (PNKD, PKD, PED) dargestellt [14][15][16][17][18]. Auf die paroxysmalen hypnagogen Dyskinesien wird aufgrund der oben angeführten Entwicklung nicht weiter eingegangen (Tabelle 1).…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

“…Symptomatische PED sind eine Rarität [6]. Medikamentöse Behandlungsversuche mit Antiepileptika sind nur selten wirksam [6,14,17]. Eine Abgrenzung zu nicht epileptischen psychogenen Attacken kann durchaus schwierig sein [6].…”

Section: Paroxysmale Anstrengungsinduzierte (Exercise-induced Exertiunclassified

Paroxysmale Dyskinesien

et al. 2007

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The paroxysmal dyskinesiasCase report and clinical update " Abstract Paroxysmal dyskinesias are a rare group of hyperkinetic movement disorders mainly characterized by their episodic nature. Neurological examination may be entirely normal between attacks. Three main types of paroxysmal dyskinesias can be distinguished based upon their precipitating events -(i) paroxysmal non-kinesiogenic dyskinesias (PNKD), (ii) paroxysmal kinesiogenic dyskinesias (PKD) and (iii) paroxysmal exercise-induced (exertion-induced) dyskinesias (PED). All three have to be clearly differentiated from non-epileptic psychogenic, non-epileptic organic and epileptic attack disorders. We describe a woman who suffered from paroxysmal kinesiogenic dyskinesia and elucidate the clinical characteristics and differential diagnosis of these paroxysmal disorders.

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The paroxysmal dyskinesias

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Review: Diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal dyskinesias revisited

Review: Diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal dyskinesias revisited

Altered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence in dt^sz mutant hamsters reflects differences in striatal metabolism between severe and mild dystonia

Paroxysmale Dyskinesien

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The paroxysmal dyskinesias

Cited by 19 publications

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Review: Diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal dyskinesias revisited

Review: Diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal dyskinesias revisited

Altered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence in dtsz mutant hamsters reflects differences in striatal metabolism between severe and mild dystonia

Paroxysmale Dyskinesien

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Altered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence in dt^sz mutant hamsters reflects differences in striatal metabolism between severe and mild dystonia