The Parreus map (1562) of French Florida

Cumming, William P.

doi:10.1080/03085696308592221

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The resulting map of Barré was stolen by the Spanish and published the next year, 1563, as the "Parreus Map." 14 As seen in Figure 1, the mouth of the River of May is shown as being just south of a large island. The geography depicted by Barré only conforms to the coast if the River of May is the St. Marys River, and not the St. Johns River or the Altamaha River.…”

Section: Early French Mapsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Location of Fort Caroline in Ancient Maps

Crowe,

Spring

2022

JHAAS

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Fort Caroline was the French fort built on the southeast coast of North America in June 1564, under the command of René Goulaine de Laudonnière. Pedro Menéndez de Avilés attacked the fort on September 20, 1565 killing 134 men and scattering the rest, while the women and children of the Ribault expedition were captured and sent to Havana.1,2 The Fort was used again in 1566 by the Spanish under Stephan de las Alas, but was overrun on April 25, 1568 by French corsairs commanded by Dominique de Gourgues, after which it was partly burned and never found. Conventional understanding in Florida states that Fort Caroline was located on the south side of the St. Johns River, about six miles inland from the Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Jacksonville at the St. Johns Bluff near where the Fort Caroline National Memorial is located today. However, repeated archaeological investigations have failed to locate the remains of Fort Caroline along the St. Johns River. The present study was begun to determine if ancient maps of the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth century could provide clues as to where the fort was located. This article uses information from the Bibliotèque nationale francaise (BNF), the Vatican Library in Rome, the Newberry Library in Chicago, and the records of French corsair Dominique de Gourgues, to reconsider the fort’s location. This paper examines nine French maps (1563-1780); two Spanish maps (1566 and 1585); two English maps (1587 and 1684); and two German/French maps (1591 and 1763). These maps, in fact, might have been studied and subjected to scholarly analysis but it appears that they were not used by other researchers to locate Fort Caroline because they assumed that the Fort was on the St. Johns River. Significantly, not any of the fifteen early maps examined in this study depicts Fort Caroline on the St. Johns River.

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Section: Early French Mapsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Location of Fort Caroline in Ancient Maps

Crowe,

Spring

2022

JHAAS

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“Have You Not Heard of Florida?” Jean Ribault, Thomas Stukeley, and the Dream of England's First Overseas Colony

DeCoster¹

2019

Itinerario

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English overseas colonialism is generally traced to the anti-Catholic and anti-Spanish ideologies of Richard Hakluyt, Humphrey Gilbert, and other exponents in the 1570s and 1580s. This article puts Florida at the forefront of English colonialism by taking seriously Thomas Stukeley's proposed colonisation expedition in 1563. The focus on the 1560s reveals how a dynastic rivalry with France, rather than a religious rivalry with Spain, gave birth to England's first colonial impulse. Jean Ribault, well known as the founder of French Florida, serves as the connecting link between Florida and England. His previously unappreciated role in European diplomacy unwittingly turned his fledgling colony into a pawn to be traded among France, Spain, and England. Furthermore, Queen Elizabeth's interest in joining the race for colonies may have been fuelled more by her desire to regain Calais from the French than to plant settlers in America. But while her motives may well have been cynical, the English public for the first time began to see itself as a colonising people. The end result was that Florida not only emerged as part of the fountainhead of English colonialism, but also came to play an important role in European politics.

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Mapping of the Southeast: The First Two Centuries

Cumming¹

1966

sgo

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The Parreus map (1562) of French Florida

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

The Location of Fort Caroline in Ancient Maps

The Location of Fort Caroline in Ancient Maps

“Have You Not Heard of Florida?” Jean Ribault, Thomas Stukeley, and the Dream of England's First Overseas Colony

Mapping of the Southeast: The First Two Centuries

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