The parthenocarpic gene Pat-k is generated by a natural mutation of SlAGL6 affecting fruit development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Takisawa, Rihito; Nakazaki, Tetsuya; Nunome, Toshiro; Fukuoka, Hiroyuki; Kataoka, Keiko; Saito, Hiroki; Habu, Toshiyuki; Kitajima, Akira

doi:10.1186/s12870-018-1285-6

Cited by 29 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…This result suggested that pat-2 was involved in regulating fruit weight. However, it was reported that in an F 2 population from 'Micro-Tom' and 'MPK-1', a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for pollinated fruit weight was detected on chromosome 4, where pat-2 is positioned (Takisawa et al, 2018). Although both 'Micro-Tom' and 'MPK-1' alleles at the pat-2 locus are homozygous for the Pat-2 allele, the QTL was detected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the pat-2 Gene and Auxin Biosynthesis Inhibitor on Seed Production in Parthenocarpic Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2019

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In pat-2 parthenocarpic tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.), inhibition of seed production prevents their breeding and development. Low seed set is thought to be caused by a pleiotropic effect of the pat-2 gene because the number of seeds from pat-2 parthenocarpic tomato cultivars is generally low; however, research on the relationship between low seed set and the pat-2 gene is lacking. In this study, to clarify the effect of the pat-2 gene on seed production and develop a method for promoting seed production in pat-2 parthenocarpic tomatoes, we examined the relationship between the pat-2 gene and low seed set and the effect of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis inhibitor, on seed production in 'Renaissance', a pat-2 parthenocarpic tomato cultivar. In an F 2 population derived from a cross between 'Micro-Tom' and 'Renaissance', the number of seeds in plants homozygous for the pat-2 allele was significantly lower than that in heterozygous plants and that homozygous for the Pat-2 allele. This indicated that low seed set was genetically associated with the pat-2 allele, and that low seed set was unavoidable when using the pat-2 gene for breeding of parthenocarpic tomato cultivars. Therefore, it is important to develop a method to promote seed production in pat-2 parthenocarpic tomatoes. In this study, we examined the effect of AVG on seed production in 'Renaissance'. We found that treatment with 30 μM AVG significantly increased the number of seeds in 'Renaissance'. In addition, when we treated flower clusters with AVG solution at the first flower anthesis, the effect of treatment with 30 μM AVG on increasing seed set was highest for the flower in the second position in a cluster, which suggests the effect of AVG on promoting seed production changed depending on the stage and/or position. Our results showed that low seed set was genetically associated with the pat-2 allele and that AVG is an effective tool to promote seed production in pat-2 parthenocarpic tomatoes. Based on these results, research progress on improving seed production in parthenocarpic tomatoes with the pat-2 gene is expected to accelerate in the future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the pat-2 Gene and Auxin Biosynthesis Inhibitor on Seed Production in Parthenocarpic Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2019

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“…After screening parthenocarpic F 2 plants, which were considered to be homozygous for the pat-k allele by examining the expansion of unpollinated ovaries, the selected plants were backcrossed with 'Micro-Tom' as the recurrent parent. After the process was repeated four times, the resulting BC 5 plants were selfed to obtain BC 5 F 2 plants homozygous for the pat-k allele, which were selected using two DNA markers, an insertion/ deletion marker, Del22-1 (SL2.50: 85354768-85355860), and a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker, SNP19 (Takisawa et al, 2018), flanking the pat-k locus (Table S1).…”

Section: Plant Materials and Plant Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total RNA was extracted using Sepasol ® -RNA I Super G (NACALAI TESQUE, INC., Kyoto, Japan), according to the manufacturer's instructions, and was used for cDNA synthesis using a ReverTra Ace qPCR RT Kit (TOYOBO CO., LTD., Osaka, Japan). Quantitative RT-PCR was performed as described previously (Takisawa et al, 2018). Table S2 lists primers used for quantitative RT-PCR.…”

Section: Quantitative Rt-pcr Analysis Of Slagl6mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parthenocarpic genes pat-2 and pat-k have been cloned; pat-2 is located on chromosome 4 and encodes a zinc-finger homeodomain (ZHD) protein (Nunome, 2016), whereas pat-k is located on chromosome 1 and encodes an E-class MADS-box gene, SlAG MOUSE-LIKE6 (SLAGL6) (Takisawa et al, 2018). Klap et al (2017) have shown that the Slagl6 mutation does not affect vegetative development, vegetative to reproductive transition, pollen viability, or fruit size and shape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Parthenocarpic Genes pat-2 and pat-k on Vegetative and Fruit Traits in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Micro-Tom’)

et al. 2020

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Parthenocarpy is a phenomenon that induces fruit set and development without pollination and fertilization. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation, parthenocarpy is considered to be an attractive trait, as it reduces the financial and labor costs involved in fruit set. Parthenocarpic genes pat-2 and pat-k are used as the source of parthenocarpic tomato cultivars in Japan. However, the effect of pat-2, pat-k, and their combined effect on vegetative and fruit traits are poorly understood, even though they are important for breeding parthenocarpic tomato cultivars. In this study, we introduced pat-2 and/or pat-k into a model tomato cultivar, 'Micro-Tom', to compare their effects on one genetic background, and then examined their vegetative and fruit traits. Lines carrying pat-2 showed greater leaf and stem size and stomatal conductance compared with the wild-type (WT), whereas there was no significant difference in vegetative traits between a line carrying only pat-k (pat-k) and WT. In addition, the content of total soluble solids (TSS) in pollinated fruits of pat-k and the lines carrying pat-2 was higher and lower than that of WT, respectively. Although it is possible that genes linked to pat-2 or pat-k caused these effects, these results suggest that pat-2 and pat-k have pleiotropic effects on these vegetative and/or fruit traits. Moreover, the rate of fruit set of unpollinated fruits in a line carrying pat-2 and pat-k (pat-2/pat-k) was significantly higher than that in pat-k, and unpollinated fruits of pat-2/pat-k were significantly heavier than those of pat-k and a line carrying only pat-2, suggesting that the effects of pat-2 and pat-k on parthenocarpy are additive. The results of this study can be used as fundamental information for the breeding of parthenocarpic tomato cultivars using pat-2 and pat-k.

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“…The parthenocarpic genotypes Soressi and Montfavet191 are controlled by a single recessive pat, while Severianin is controlled by a single recessive pat-2 and MPK-1 is controlled by a single recessive Pat-k. The RP75/59, IL5-1, and IVT-line1 tomatoes are controlled by the recessive genes pat3/pat4, pat4.1/pat5.1, and pat4.2/pat9.1, respectively (Takisawa et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of oil palm EgDREB1 in tomato decreased fruit sizeand produced parthenocarpic fruits

Azzeme¹,

Abdullah²,

Aziz³

et al. 2020

Biol. plant.

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Drought-responsive element binding (DREB) is involved in the regulation of stress-responsive gene expressions in plants through abscisic acid (ABA)-independent pathway. In this study, constitutive expression of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) EgDREB1 driven by double strength cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) reduced seed number, produced parthenocarpic fruits, changed morphology of leaves, and increased root biomass of transgenic plants. Early flowering and fruiting of the transgenic lines were observed in the culture vessels. EgDREB1 was specifically expressed in the fruits and its expression was not detected in vegetative tissues (leaves and roots). Altered expression of several endogenous tomato genes involved in the biosynthesis of phytohormones including jasmonic acid, ethylene, auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin (GA) and ABA were observed compared to wild type plants. The expression of AP2-likeethylene transcription factor (LeAP2), allene oxide synthase (LeAOS), allene oxide cyclase (LeAOC), aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (LeACS), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 (LeACO), auxin responsive factor 8 (LeARF8), auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (LeAux/IAA), cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase-like (LeSlCKX1), adenylate isopentenyltransferase (LeSlIPT1), gibberellin 2-oxidase 2 (LeGa2ox2), gibberellin 20-oxidase 4 (LeGa20ox4) and ABAaldehyde oxidase (LeAAO) were different in fruits with reduced seed number compared to parthenocarphic fruits. These results suggest that their expression has significant effects on fruit development in transgenic tomato. EgDREB1 may mediate the expression of some of these genes as dehydration-responsive element binding (DRE) motif were found in their promoter sequences. These data indicate that the EgDREB1 controls fruit development in trsngenic plants by regulating the expression of hormone-associated genes.

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The parthenocarpic gene Pat-k is generated by a natural mutation of SlAGL6 affecting fruit development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Cited by 29 publications

References 44 publications

Effects of the <i>pat-2</i> Gene and Auxin Biosynthesis Inhibitor on Seed Production in Parthenocarpic Tomatoes (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.)

Effects of the <i>pat-2</i> Gene and Auxin Biosynthesis Inhibitor on Seed Production in Parthenocarpic Tomatoes (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.)

Effect of Parthenocarpic Genes <i>pat-2</i> and <i>pat-k</i> on Vegetative and Fruit Traits in Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> ‘Micro-Tom’)

Overexpression of oil palm EgDREB1 in tomato decreased fruit sizeand produced parthenocarpic fruits

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