The particle size effect of N-doped mesoporous carbons as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts for PEMFC

Byambasuren, Ulziidelger; Jeon, Yukwon; Ji, Yunseong; Shul, Yong Gun

doi:10.1007/s11814-016-0030-9

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…3b and c . The first two peaks are attributed to pyridinic-N (sp 2 hybridized with two carbon atoms, N-6), and pyrrolic N (incorporated in a five-membered ring of carbon atoms, N-5) 46 , 47 . The peak in the range of 400.7–400.8 eV is due to quaternary nitrogen (sp 3 hybridized with three carbon atoms, N-Q), i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly N-doped microporous carbon nanospheres with high energy storage and conversion efficiency

Kim

Moon

2017

Sci Rep

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Porous carbon spheres (CSs) have distinct advantages in energy storage and conversion applications. We report the preparation of highly monodisperse N-doped microporous CSs through the carbonization of polystyrene-based polymer spheres and subsequent activation. The N-doped microporous CSs have a remarkably high N-doping content, over 10%, and high BET surface area of 884.9 m2 g−1. We characterize the synergistic effects of the micropores and N doping on the energy storage performance of a supercapacitor electrode consisting of the CSs and on the performance in an electrocatalytic reaction of a CS counter electrode in a photovoltaic cell. The N-doped microporous CSs exhibit a maximum capacitance of 373 F g−1 at a current density of 0.2 Ag−1, a high capacitance retention up to 62% with a 10-fold increase in current density, and excellent stability over 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. A counter electrode consisting of N-doped microporous CSs was found to exhibit superior electrocatalytic behavior to an electrode consisting of conventional Pt nanoparticles. These CSs derived from polymer spheres synthesized by addition polymerization will be new platform materials with high electrochemical performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly N-doped microporous carbon nanospheres with high energy storage and conversion efficiency

Kim

Moon

2017

Sci Rep

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“…Hence, various synthetic approaches have been developed for increasing specific surface area of electrocatalysts. Simpler ways include reduction of catalyst particle diameters and addition of carbon supports having high specific surface area ( e. g . activated carbon, graphene aerogel, carbon nanotube) before pyrolysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of Iron‐Containing Polyanilines under Micropore Generation Control: Electrocatalytic Performance in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2020

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Pyrolyzed iron-containing polyaniline (CÀ Fe-PANI) is one of the most promising candidates as a non-precious metal based electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Although the ORR activity depends on the surface area arisen from pyrolysis-generated micropores on CÀ Fe-PANI particles, the micropore generation is hindered by pyrolysis-formed iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs) embedded inside CÀ Fe-PANI particles. Here, we demonstrate the pyrolysis of iron-containing PANIs under suppression of micropore-generation hindrance by blocking the Fe NPs formation. The higher-molecular-weight (MW: 100,000) PANI was dispersed in an FeCl 3 solution before pyrolysis for preventing FeCl 3 penetration inside PANI particles. As a result, as compared to the case of lower-MW (5,000) PANI, the Fe NPs formation was more suppressed inside catalyst particles to give 1.9 (1.8) times micropore volume (specific surface area), leading to a 11 % higher current density in ORR electrocatalytic performance test in acidic media. Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) attract considerable attentions as potential power sources for both stationary and mobile applications. [1] To increase energy conversion efficiency, Pt-based materials are currently employed as the catalysts for both hydrogen oxidation reactions (HORs) at the anode and oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) at the cathode. [1c] However, due to kinetically sluggish ORRs, as compared to HOR, a relatively large amount of Pt would need to be used at the cathode, making PEFCs too expensive to be applied as practical power sources. For the widespread application of PEFCs, therefore, a low-cost ORR catalyst with high performance must be developed. From such a view point, low-Pt or non-precious metal based electrocatalysts have been developed for ORR. Among them, non-precious metal based catalysts attract attentions because of their low cost. This seems to evolve from the report on ORR catalytic activity of Cophthalocyanine, [2] one of the N 4-chelate complexes. After that, the stability of N 4-chelates in acidic media was enhanced through the thermal pretreatment on carbon supports. [3] Since then, a huge number of researchers have reported a wide variety of analogous carbonaceous materials containing heteroatoms (e. g. N, B, P, S) and/or transition metal species (e. g. Fe, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni) with or without carbon supports. [4] On the other hand, polyaniline (PANI) is well known as one of the conducting polymers possessing the redox properties. Thus far, we have reported complexation of PANI with various transition metals [5] and catalytic reactions [6] mediated by the complexes. In this case, d-π conjugated systems are considered to be formed. Meanwhile, PANI is one of the most promising candidates as a precursor for ORR electrocatalysts. The pyrolyzed products of such complexes or mixtures comprising transition metals and PANIs

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“…If the evolution of the maximum power density allowed by one material appears correlated with its specific surface area (Figure 6), the data corresponding to CE-750 diverges. In their work, Byambasuren et al [32] showed that in the case of N-doped mesoporous carbon materials promoted with 1.5% of iron, the smallest pores allowed highest mass transfer rates due to the higher surface area, and therefore leading to highest MEA performances. However, in their materials, pores were mainly wider than 4.1 nm, for which gas diffusion although hindered by Knudsen effect, can be effective.…”

Section: Textural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-free nitrogen-doped graphenic materials as cathode catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

et al. 2021

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Exhibiting a very high surface area, a good electrical conductivity and a high density of active sites, nitrogendoped graphenic materials are considered as promising catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).Seldom studied in acidic media, N-doped graphenic foams were tested here as the cathode catalysts of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The materials were prepared via a solvothermal-based process, by reacting either cyclohexanol and ethanolamine or 1-(2-hydroxyethylethyl)piperidine with metallic sodium, under high pressure and temperature. Membrane electrode assemblies were prepared with a Pt/C anode, 212 Nafion membrane, and an 8 mm disk cathode based on the graphenic materials. The performance exhibited by the PEMFC was evaluated using chronopotentiometry and impedance spectroscopy, depending on the synthesis conditions. The kinetic parameters of the ORR were estimated by interpretation of the experimental data: the high Tafel slope found might express the partial control of oxygen diffusion through the graphenic microporous structure. Relationships between the electrochemical behavior of the materials and their structural properties are discussed. Moderately crystallized materials with a low oxygen content showed the highest catalytic properties, with a current density larger than 30 mA cm -2 and a maximum power density at 2.3 mW.cm -2 .

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The particle size effect of N-doped mesoporous carbons as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts for PEMFC

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Highly N-doped microporous carbon nanospheres with high energy storage and conversion efficiency

Highly N-doped microporous carbon nanospheres with high energy storage and conversion efficiency

Pyrolysis of Iron‐Containing Polyanilines under Micropore Generation Control: Electrocatalytic Performance in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Metal-free nitrogen-doped graphenic materials as cathode catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

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