The Passage of Urea Between the Blood and the Lumen of the Small Intestine

Pendleton, Walter R.; West, Francis E.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1932.101.2.391

Cited by 27 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…By the same method, the reflection coefficients and the pore radii were found to be 0.45 and 8 A respectively in the human jejunum and 0.8 and 5.0 A respectively in the human ileum (6). The low reflection coefficient in the jejunum reflects the observation that urea'equilibrates freely between blood and jejunal contents (33)(34)(35). The maximal reflection coefficient in the colon, on the other hand, has to be interpreted as evidence that urea does not penetrate through the colonic mucosa.…”

Section: Colonic Perfusions With Hypertonic Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of sodium concentration and osmolality on water and electrolyte absorption from the intact human colon

Billich¹,

Levitan²

1969

J. Clin. Invest.

116

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A B S T R A C T The influence of sodium concentration and osmolality on net water and monovalent electrolyte absorption from or secretion into the intact human colon was studied in healthy;volunteers.When isotonic solutions containing NaCl and/or mannitol were infused into the colon: (a) a direct linear relationship between luminal sodium concentration (in the range of 23-150 mEq/liter) and rate of net water, sodium, and chloride absorption was found. No water absorption was found when sodium concentration in the luminal fluid was below 20 mEq/liter; (b) water and sodium absorption from the isotonic test solutions was not enhanced by addition of 80-250 mg/100 ml of glucose; and (c) the rate of water and sodium absorption was decreased markedly when chloride was replaced by bicarbonate in the test solution.When the colon was perfused with hypertonic test solutions containing NaCl and mannitol or urea: (a) water was absorbed from hypertonic NaCl solutions against a lumen-to-blood osmotic gradient of 50 mOsm/ kg; (b) when the osmolality of the mannitol solution was increased, water entered the colonic lumen at a more rapid rate. The relationship between the rate of water entering the colon and the osmolality of the test solution was a parabolic one; (c) sodium and chloride entered the colonic lumen at a rate that was lineraly related to that of water entrance when the lumen-to-blood osmotic gradient exceeded 150 mOsm/kg; (d) water flow into the colonic lumen was identical when equimolar urea or mannitol solutions were infused; (e) neither urea nor mannitol was absorbed in significant amounts from the hypertonic solutions; and (f) our results suggest that the equivalent pore radius of the human colon is smaller than the molecular radius of urea (2.3 A).

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Section: Colonic Perfusions With Hypertonic Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of sodium concentration and osmolality on water and electrolyte absorption from the intact human colon

Billich¹,

Levitan²

1969

J. Clin. Invest.

116

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“…I n patients with uremia, the concentration of nonprotein nitrogen was higher in the liquid feces. Pendleton and West (1932) presented experimental evidence to show that intestinal mucosa acted to- ward urea as a semipermeable membrane. The data reported here show that-in addition t o serum-peritoneal, biliary, and intestinal fluid can also be used for the diagnosis of renal failure.…”

Section: Resultsiand Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urea concentration in intestinal fluids in normal and uremic dogs

Lee

1971

Journal of Surgical Oncology

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Results from normal and uremic dogs showed that the urea concentrations in gallbladder bile, duodenal, jejunal, ileal, and peritoneal fluids were about the same as that in the serum. When the urea concentration of an unknown body fluid is more than two times that of the serum (whether the subject has normal or abnormal renal function), the tested fluid must have originated in part or in toto from the urinary tract.

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“…As early as 1932, Pendelton and West [118] showed that urea could migrate from plasma to the intestinal lumen. This led to the interest of using various techniques to remove the intestinal urea.…”

Section: Sorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reality of "Enteric Dialysis ®" with Probiotics and Prebiotics to Delay the Need of Conventional Dialysis

Ranganathan¹

2018

J Nephrol Ther

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Probiotics and prebiotics are generally used for gut, immune and digestive health. However, we have been looking outside the box for the use of probiotics and prebiotics toward help in maintaining healthy kidney function. The gut microbiome is unfavorably altered (i.e., dysbiosis) in individuals with renal impairment, promoting progressive renal failure, persistent systemic inflammation, and small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO). A probiotic that delays the progression of kidney failure would have enormous impact as millions of individuals worldwide suffer from chronic kidney disease and, not all individuals; especially in low income countries have access to chronic dialysis care. Probiotics have demonstrated their ability to remove uremic toxins, and early studies indicate the slowing of renal disease progression. The role of probiotics in managing renal failure is not yet clearly defined, but the data thus far, suggest that probiotics will prove to play a significant role in chronic kidney disease management.

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The Passage of Urea Between the Blood and the Lumen of the Small Intestine

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of sodium concentration and osmolality on water and electrolyte absorption from the intact human colon

Effects of sodium concentration and osmolality on water and electrolyte absorption from the intact human colon

Urea concentration in intestinal fluids in normal and uremic dogs

Reality of "Enteric Dialysis ®" with Probiotics and Prebiotics to Delay the Need of Conventional Dialysis

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