The Past and Future of Gender Nondiscrimination Policy Under the Affordable Care Act

Rosenthal, Alex; George, Paul; Tobin-Tyler, Elizabeth; Adashi, Eli Y.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2021.06.019

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…COVID-19, along with its resultant crises, has both introduced and intensified threats to older women's health and quality of life, ranging from heightened risks of COVID-19 infections and deaths, increased elder neglect and abuse, increased gender-based violence and discrimination, additional mental health challenges, and curtailed or cancelled access to health services (see Fig. 1) [53,[55][56][57]. As women are often charged with formal or informal caregiving roles and responsibilities [58], failing to address the health challenges they face could not only compromise their health and wellbeing, but also those in their broader communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology-based interventions for health challenges older women face amid COVID-19: a systematic review protocol

Cheshmehzangi

Bentley

et al. 2022

Syst Rev

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Background Pandemics, such as COVID-19, are dangerous and socially disruptive. Though no one is immune to COVID-19, older persons often bear the brunt of its consequences. This is particularly true for older women, as they often face more pronounced health challenges relative to other segments in society, including complex care needs, insufficient care provisions, mental illness, neglect, and increased domestic abuse. To further compound the situation, because protective measures like lockdowns can result in unintended consequences, many health services older women depend on can become disrupted or discontinued amid pandemics. While technology-based interventions have the potential to provide near-time, location-free, and virtually accessible care, there is a dearth of systematic insights into this mode of care in the literature. To bridge the research gaps, this investigation aims to examine the characteristics and effectiveness of technology-based interventions that could address health challenges older women face amid COVID-19. Methods A systematic review of randomized trials reporting on technology-based interventions for older women (≥65 years) during COVID-19 will be conducted. The databases of Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus will be searched. Retrieved citations will be screened independently by at least two reviewers against the eligibility criteria. Included studies will be assessed using the Cochrane ROB-2 tool. Data will be extracted independently by the reviewers. Where possible, meta-analyses will be performed on relevant study outcomes and analysed via odds ratios on the dichotomized outcomes. Where applicable, heterogeneity will be measured using the Cochrane Q test, and publication bias will be assessed via funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Discussion Technology has the potential to transform healthcare for the better. To help society better safeguard vulnerable populations’ health and quality of life, this investigation sets out to gauge the state-of-the-art development of technology-based interventions tailored to the health challenges older women face amid COVID-19. In light of the growing prevalence of population ageing and the inevitability of infectious disease outbreaks, greater research efforts are needed to ensure the timely inception and effective implementation of technology-based health solutions for vulnerable populations like older women, amid public health crises like COVID-19 and beyond. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020194003

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology-based interventions for health challenges older women face amid COVID-19: a systematic review protocol

Cheshmehzangi

Bentley

et al. 2022

Syst Rev

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“…While the ACA spearheaded antidiscriminatory policies, the interpretation and enforcement of these types of federal policies are left to state and local facilities (Bakko and Kattari, 2021). The Trump Administration reversed the protection for transgender people by defining ‘male’ and ‘female’ by anatomy at birth, but earlier nondiscriminatory protections have recently been restored by the Biden Administration (Rosenthal et al, 2022). The ACA expanded healthcare access for transgender people by widening insurance coverage, provisions for nondiscrimination, and recommendations for routine data collection on health disparities (Simmons-Duffin, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ACA expanded healthcare access for transgender people by widening insurance coverage, provisions for nondiscrimination, and recommendations for routine data collection on health disparities (Simmons-Duffin, 2020). However, since the implementation of the ACA, many US states have not expanded Medicaid coverage to reach people that fall into the coverage gap, potentially leaving many transgender people without health insurance (Bakko and Kattari, 2021; Rosenthal et al, 2022). Most traditional health insurance plans inadequately cover the majority of gender-affirming procedures, leaving patients having to pay out-of-pocket expenses (Sequeira et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpersonal and structural healthcare barriers among transgender women: Healthcare curriculum needs

Calleros

Emetu

Missari

2022

Health Education Journal

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Objective: Transgender women encounter various barriers to healthcare access and use. Together, these contribute to under-utilisation, delay or avoidance of the healthcare system. This in-depth qualitative phenomenological study aimed to explore perceptions, interactions and experiences with medical and healthcare systems, and identify suggestions for improving healthcare access and utilisation among transgender women. Design/Setting: Fifteen ( N = 15) transgender women in Los Angeles County participated in semi-structured telephone interviews. Method: Participants were recruited through emails sent to LGBTQ+ serving institutions, health centres and college campuses. The interview guide covered demographic information, experiences within medical and healthcare setting, interactions and perceptions within clinical settings, and concerns about barriers to healthcare access and utilisation. Results: Healthcare experiences were shaped by interpersonal and structural factors. Four themes were identified: (1) lack of trained and knowledgeable healthcare providers, (2) limitations in healthcare access such as cost and hormone replacement therapy access, (3) implicit bias regarding being misgendered and stereotyped, and (4) explicit bias such as denial of services, inability adding preferred personal information to medical health records, and various aspects of discrimination. Conclusion: Access to knowledgeable healthcare providers was cited as a priority area needing the most attention. Curricula and modules that address social, medical and clinical issues specific to transgender women were suggested for use in the training and continuing education of healthcare professionals. In addition to needs related to patient–provider contact, this paper highlights the broader regulatory and political changes needed to improve the health of transgender women.

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The Past and Future of Gender Nondiscrimination Policy Under the Affordable Care Act

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Technology-based interventions for health challenges older women face amid COVID-19: a systematic review protocol

Technology-based interventions for health challenges older women face amid COVID-19: a systematic review protocol

Interpersonal and structural healthcare barriers among transgender women: Healthcare curriculum needs

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