The past, present, and future of x-ray technology for <i>in vivo</i> imaging of function and form

Fouras, Andreas; Kitchen, Marcus John; Dubsky, Stephen; Lewis, Robert A.; Hooper, Stuart B.; Hourigan, Kerry

doi:10.1063/1.3115643

Cited by 79 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…For three-dimensional high spatial resolution in-vivo imaging, the most promising probe is x-rays [11]. The experimental results presented here clearly indicate that this technique has reached maturity to address in-situ studies of different kind as well as the physiology of small animals in 3D using X-ray attenuation or phase shift as contrast mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Real Time Tomography at the Swiss Light Source

Marone

Stampanoni

2010

AIP Conference Proceedings

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The penetrating power of X-rays coupled with the high flux of 3rd generation synchrotron sources makes X-ray tomography to excel among fast imaging methods . To exploit this asset of synchrotron sources is the motivation for setting up an ultra-fast tomography endstation at the TOMCAT beamline. The state of the art instruments at synchrotron sources offer routinely a temporal resolution of tens of seconds in tomography. For a number of applications, for example biomedical studies, the relevant time scales (breathing, heartbeat) are rather in the range of 0.5-2 seconds. To overcome motion artifacts when imaging such systems a new ultra-fast tomographic data acquisition scheme is being developed at the TOMCAT beamline. We can acquire a full set of projections at sub-second timescale in monochromatic or white-beam configuration. We present a feasibility study with the ultimate aim to achieve sub-second temporal resolution in 3D without significant deterioration of the spatial resolution. Abstract. The penetrating power of X-rays coupled with the high flux of 3rd generation synchrotron sources makes Xray tomography to excel among fast imaging methods . To exploit this asset of synchrotron sources is the motivation for setting up an ultra-fast tomography endstation at the TOMCAT beamline. The state of the art instruments at synchrotron sources offer routinely a temporal resolution of tens of seconds in tomography. For a number of applications, for example biomedical studies, the relevant time scales (breathing, heartbeat) are rather in the range of 0.5-2 seconds. To overcome motion artifacts when imaging such systems a new ultra-fast tomographic data acquisition scheme is being developed at the TOMCAT beamline. We can acquire a full set of projections at sub-second timescale in monochromatic or whitebeam configuration. We present a feasibility study with the ultimate aim to achieve sub-second temporal resolution in 3D without significant deterioration of the spatial resolution. For the first time, the 3D dynamics of the very early stages of a quickly aging liquid foam can be visualised with high quality and sufficiently large field of view.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Real Time Tomography at the Swiss Light Source

Marone

Stampanoni

2010

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…25,57,58 An example of the geometry obtained by computed tomography and used for computational simulations is given in Figure 3. 45 A recent review of the current imaging techniques used in vivo and in vitro is given in Fleg et al 59 Concerning the resolution of the cited methods for in vivo measurements, MRI, used extensively for clinical applications, achieves a spatial of order of a few millimeters [60][61][62][63][64] up to 0.5 mm 65 for a temporal resolution ranging between 10 and 57 ms. Another extensively used imaging technique is ultrasound imaging, which can provide a very good temporal resolution. However, this method is limited by its spatial resolution and overall penetration depth, which decreases (from 30 mm to a few millimeters) when higher spatial resolution is required (0.7 mm to 40 µm).…”

Section: Geometrical Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, determining the geometry with accuracy is a crucial question related to the advancement of imaging techniques. [12][13][14] Currently, the main techniques used in the literature are MRI, 31,49 ultrasound, 31,54 angiography, 55 computed tomography, 45,56 and microcomputed tomography. 25,57,58 An example of the geometry obtained by computed tomography and used for computational simulations is given in Figure 3.…”

Section: Geometrical Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the literature on plaque progression is very rare, so it is currently difficult to relate plaque morphology in its early stage to its vulnerability over the longer term. The development of numerical and theoretical models, as well as the improvement of biomedical engineering imaging, [12][13][14] may provide the means to predict such phenomena; nevertheless, a large number of important physical parameters (geometry, blood viscosity, transmural pressure, blood flow rate, heart beating frequency, blood and tissue density, tissue elasticity properties and boundary conditions) is involved in the implementation of the problem, making the task complex and requiring sometimes unrealistic simplifications. An additional complexity comes from the fact that these parameters vary with the groups under study, with the subjects considered, with their sex and their age, and eventually with the circadian pressure changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution and rupture of vulnerable plaques: a review of mechanical effects

Assemat¹,

Hourigan²

2013

CPT

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Atherosclerosis occurs as a result of the buildup and infiltration of lipid streaks in artery walls, leading to plaques. Understanding the development of atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability is of critical importance, since plaque rupture can result in heart attack or stroke. Plaques can be divided into two distinct types: those that rupture (vulnerable) and those that are less likely to rupture (stable). In the last few decades, researchers have been interested in studying the influence of the mechanical effects (blood shear stress, pressure forces, and structural stress) on the plaque formation and rupture processes. In the literature, physiological experimental studies are limited by the complexity of in vivo experiments to study such effects, whereas the numerical approach often uses simplified models compared with realistic conditions, so that no general agreement of the mechanisms responsible for plaque formation has yet been reached. In addition, in a large number of cases, the presence of plaques in arteries is asymptomatic. The prediction of plaque rupture remains a complex question to elucidate, not only because of the interaction of numerous phenomena involved in this process (biological, chemical, and mechanical) but also because of the large time scale on which plaques develop. The purpose of the present article is to review the current mechanical models used to describe the blood flow in arteries in the presence of plaques, as well as reviewing the literature treating the influence of mechanical effects on plaque formation, development, and rupture. Finally, some directions of research, including those being undertaken by the authors, are described.

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“…This has made high-resolution respiratory imaging difficult, particularly in clinical diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Current techniques for imaging the lungs, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), xray computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET), lack either the spatial resolution to resolve airway and alveolar structures or the temporal resolution to image throughout ventilation, or both, and often require the use of contrast agents, radioisotopes or relatively high radiation doses [1]. Additionally, non-imaging methods used to provide quantitative measurements for lung function, including spirometry and plethysmography, lack the ability to measure regional lung function [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase contrast x-ray velocimetry of small animal lungs: optimising imaging rates

Murrie

Paganin

Fouras

et al. 2015

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Chronic lung diseases affect a vast portion of the world's population. One of the key difficulties in accurately diagnosing and treating chronic lung disease is our inability to measure dynamic motion of the lungs in vivo. Phase contrast x-ray imaging (PCXI) allows us to image the lungs in high resolution by exploiting the difference in refractive indices between tissue and air. Combining PCXI with x-ray velocimetry (XV) allows us to track the local motion of the lungs, improving our ability to locate small regions of disease under natural ventilation conditions. Via simulation, we investigate the optimal imaging speed and sequence to capture lung motion in vivo in small animals using XV on both synchrotron and laboratory x-ray sources, balancing the noise inherent in a short exposure with motion blur that results from a long exposure.

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The past, present, and future of x-ray technology for in vivo imaging of function and form

Cited by 79 publications

References 117 publications

Real Time Tomography at the Swiss Light Source

Real Time Tomography at the Swiss Light Source

Evolution and rupture of vulnerable plaques: a review of mechanical effects

Phase contrast x-ray velocimetry of small animal lungs: optimising imaging rates

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