The Pathobiology of Diabetes Mellitus

Jenkins, Alicia J.; O’Neal, David N; Nolan, Christopher; Januszewski, Andrzej S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45307-1_1

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…In diabetes research, an obvious and particular area of interest revolves around islet cell biology, associated with islets of Langerhans. This interest has resulted in highly active research, centred upon insulin-producing β cells, which, theoretically, can restore physiological glucose levels and insulin responses when effectively administered [40,60,61]. There are five different islets of Langerhans endocrine islet cell types that have been discovered, all playing a major role in controlling metabolic fuel homeostasis.…”

Section: β-Cell Biology and Mechanism Of Insulin Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Cell Encapsulation for Biomaterials and Tissue Bio-Nanoengineering: History, Achievements, Limitations, and Future Work for Potential Clinical Applications and Transplantation

Mooranian

Jones

Ionescu

et al. 2021

JFB

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Pancreatic β-cell loss and failure with subsequent deficiency of insulin production is the hallmark of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and late-stage type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite the availability of parental insulin, serious complications of both types are profound and endemic. One approach to therapy and a potential cure is the immunoisolation of β cells via artificial cell microencapsulation (ACM), with ongoing promising results in human and animal studies that do not depend on immunosuppressive regimens. However, significant challenges remain in the formulation and delivery platforms and potential immunogenicity issues. Additionally, the level of impact on key metabolic and disease biomarkers and long-term benefits from human and animal studies stemming from the encapsulation and delivery of these cells is a subject of continuing debate. The purpose of this review is to summarise key advances in this field of islet transplantation using ACM and to explore future strategies, limitations, and hurdles as well as upcoming developments utilising bioengineering and current clinical trials.

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Section: β-Cell Biology and Mechanism Of Insulin Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Cell Encapsulation for Biomaterials and Tissue Bio-Nanoengineering: History, Achievements, Limitations, and Future Work for Potential Clinical Applications and Transplantation

Mooranian

Jones

Ionescu

et al. 2021

JFB

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“…As a result, there is an accumulation of ketones, which has the potential to cause the development of fatal ketoacidosis [ 11 ]. As a result, type 1 diabetics receive lifelong exogenous insulin injections into subcutaneous tissue or undergo delivery of exogenous insulin via an insulin pump [ 11 , 12 ]. With regard to T2D, the cause, pathophysiology, and short- and long-term prognosis are different than those for T1D.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T2D results from negative interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors and seems to be associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including dyslipidaemia, raised blood pressure, and abdominal obesity. T2D is described as defects in both insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, with most patients manifesting the disorder as a reduced insulin response to glucose, as well as a significant resistance to endogenous insulin [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Although the most common prevalence of T2D is in older adults, it can also occur as early as childhood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biguanide Pharmaceutical Formulations and the Applications of Bile Acid-Based Nano Delivery in Chronic Medical Conditions

Jones

Ionescu

Walker

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Biguanides, particularly the widely prescribed drug metformin, have been marketed for many decades and have well-established absorption profiles. They are commonly administered via the oral route and, despite variation in oral uptake, remain commonly prescribed for diabetes mellitus, typically type 2. Studies over the last decade have focused on the design and development of advanced oral delivery dosage forms using bio nano technologies and novel drug carrier systems. Such studies have demonstrated significantly enhanced delivery and safety of biguanides using nanocapsules. Enhanced delivery and safety have widened the potential applications of biguanides not only in diabetes but also in other disorders. Hence, this review aimed to explore biguanides’ pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmaceutical applications in diabetes, as well as in other disorders.

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“…Traditional medicine is used as the treatment for a variety of diseases, including Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by an absolute or relative lack of insulin, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and neurovascular damage that can affect all systems of the patient's organism (Jenkins, 2016). It is a pandemic disease of the 21st century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnopharmacological therapies in the treatment of diabetes in Serbia

Madić¹,

Popović-Žabar²,

Vukelić-Nikolić³

et al. 2018

Gl Antropol društva Srbije

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The use of ethnopharmacological therapies is a part of human tradition. For centuries, they have been used in the treatment of diabetes, as well as other illnesses. The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of traditional medicine use in Serbia. The study was conducted as an online survey in February 2018. 130 people were surveyed, 55.38 % of which were people diagnosed with diabetes. The most commonly used herbal substituents were M. piperita L. (21 %), traditional herbal mixtures designed to regulate the primary and secondary diabetes complications (15%), M. chamomilla L. (13 %) and pharmaceutical supplements based on traditional recipes (10 %). 100 % of people with diabetes adhere to contemporary pharmacotherapy, while 25.86 % of people without diabetes do not use pharmacotherapy, but exclusively traditional medicine. There is no significant difference between the diabetic population that uses traditional medicine (51.34 %) and the one who does not (48.61 %), whereas in non-diabetic population the difference is significant (p < 0.05) so that 87.93 % of them regularly use medicinal herbs. More women than men use ethnopharmacological treatments (p < 0.05). The age of the respondents and their education also have an impact on the choice of therapy, so ethnopharmacological approaches are the most often used by faculty educated people aged 30 to 50 years. Moreover, people pay attention to the quality of supplements they use, i.e. 57.96 % of people buy them in pharmacies, 29.55 % with certified sellers, and only 12.49 % at the local market.

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The Pathobiology of Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 3 publications

References 136 publications

Artificial Cell Encapsulation for Biomaterials and Tissue Bio-Nanoengineering: History, Achievements, Limitations, and Future Work for Potential Clinical Applications and Transplantation

Artificial Cell Encapsulation for Biomaterials and Tissue Bio-Nanoengineering: History, Achievements, Limitations, and Future Work for Potential Clinical Applications and Transplantation

Biguanide Pharmaceutical Formulations and the Applications of Bile Acid-Based Nano Delivery in Chronic Medical Conditions

Ethnopharmacological therapies in the treatment of diabetes in Serbia

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