The Pathobiology of Skin Aging

Russell‐Goldman, Eleanor; Murphy, Gëorge F.

doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.03.007

Cited by 118 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…The amount of HA and pro-collagen originally contained in BM and FM showed that HA and pro-collagen had higher BM than FM. Skin aging is the result of the inherent chronological aging process superimposed by environmental factors, principally exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation [ 3 , 12 ]. These results show that, when tested in UV-B-promoted fibroblast cells, CCD-986SK, the BM produced more HA and pro-collagen than FM and positive controls, which demonstrated to be more effective in anti-wrinkle and skin regeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the cellular level, stem cell dysfunction and natural wastage appear to be key drivers, and both genetic and epigenetic factors are involved in a complex interaction that over time results in the decline of our main protective interface with the external environment. Past and current understanding of the cellular and molecular intricacies of skin aging provides a foundation for future approaches designed to revert the aging phenotype [ 1 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro effects of conditioned medium from bioreactor cultured human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on skin-derived cell lines

Park¹,

Lee²,

Jeon

et al. 2021

Regenerative Therapy

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Introduction When stem cells are grafted into tissues, they differentiate and form specialized cells. However, the proficiency of stem cells to endure and assimilate the host cell is dependent on various growth factors and cytokines. According to various studies, these factors are available in the spent media of harvested stem cells, which can be used for treatment in regenerative medicine and cosmetic products. There are differences in cytokine secretion depending on the culture environment, which are clarified in this paper. Methods Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) were cultured either in a bioreactor or in a flask. The conditioned medium from the hUC-MSC cultures in the flask and in the bioreactor was designated as “FM” and “BM”, respectively. We assessed the effects of FM and BM on UVB-induced oxidative stress, anti-aging, and melanogenic properties. The amount of growth factors, cell viability, hyaluronic acid (HA), pro-collagen, and pro-melanin were quantitatively evaluated in the FM and BM treated groups. The induction of HA and collagen synthesis was measured in CCD-986SK cells. For melanogenesis, the effects of FM and BM on melanin content and tyrosinase activity were measured in SK-MEL-31 cells. Results In the present study, the secretion of growth factors, HA, and pro-collagen was significantly higher in the BM treatment, compared to that in the FM treatment. BM protected CCD-986SK cells against death from UVB induced oxidative stress. BM increased the promoter activity of the anti-oxidant genes SOD1, CAT, and GP; and downregulated the accelerating collagen decomposition gene, MMP-1, induced by UVB irradiation. In α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) stimulated SK-MEL-31 cells, BM reduced melanin production and decreased the levels of MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2. These results suggest that BM could be used as a skin protection agent, because of its anti-apoptotic, anti-aging, and anti-melanogenic properties. This could be attributed to the differences in culturing methods; it is difficult to maintain the temperature and sterility in FM culture, when compared to that in the automated culturing conditions of the BM system. Conclusions Collectively, our results indicate that using BM-conditioned hUC-MSC medium is very efficient process for producing raw materials for developing functional cosmetics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro effects of conditioned medium from bioreactor cultured human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on skin-derived cell lines

Park¹,

Lee²,

Jeon

et al. 2021

Regenerative Therapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Anti-aging strategies target diverse mechanisms involved in skin aging, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, and epigenetic changes [ 1 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. For example, melatonin and its metabolites, non-calcemic secosteroids, lumisterol derivatives, polyphenols, and vitamins represent promising anti-aging agents [ 1 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Histone Acetylation and Decreased Expression of Specific Histone Deacetylases in Ultraviolet-Irradiated and Intrinsically Aged Human Skin In Vivo

Lee

Shin

Kim

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are conserved enzymes that remove acetyl groups from lysine side chains in histones and other proteins and play a crucial role in epigenetic regulation. Previously, we showed that histone acetylation is implicated in ultraviolet (UV)-induced inflammation and matrix impairment. To elucidate the histone acetylation status and specific HDACs involved in skin aging, we examined the changes in histone acetylation, global HDAC activity, and the expression of HDACs and sirtuins (SIRTs) in intrinsically aged and photoaged human skin as well as in UV-irradiated human skin in vivo. Following acute UV irradiation, the acetylated histone H3 (AcH3) level was increased, but HDAC activity and the expression levels of HDAC4, HDAC11, and SIRT4 were significantly decreased. In intrinsically aged skin, AcH3 levels were increased, but HDAC activity and the expression levels of HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC10, HDAC11, SIRT6, and SIRT7 were significantly decreased. However, histone acetylation and HDAC expression in photoaged skin were not significantly different from those in intrinsically aged skin. Collectively, HDAC4 and HDAC11 were decreased in both UV-irradiated and intrinsically aged skin, suggesting that they may play a universal role in increased histone acetylation associated with skin aging.

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“…Their deficiency acutely removes the self-perpetuating reservoir necessary to maintain epidermal integrity for protection against infection and fluid and electrolyte depletion. During the ubiquitous aging process, chronic, non-immune impairment of skin stem cell number and/or function results in epidermal atrophy, potentially impacting on the numerous protective roles of the epidermal layer [ 19 ]. While multiple mechanisms for stem cell aging and resultant dysfunction have been advanced [ 20 ], Fuchs et al [ 21 ] have recently emphasized follicular stem cells as a model in which transcriptional changes, primarily in extracellular matrix genes accompanied by structural anomalies in the immediate stem cell microenvironment, typify the aging process.…”

Section: Stem Cells In Tissue Health and Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and graft-versus-host disease: a tale of two diseases (and why age matters)

Murphy

2021

Laboratory Investigation

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Disorders involving injury to tissue stem cells that ensure normal tissue homeostasis and repair have potential to show unusually devastating clinical consequences. Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is one condition where relatively few cytotoxic immune cells target skin stem cells to produce significant morbidity and mortality. By analogy, SARS-CoV-2 is a vector that initially homes to pulmonary stem cells that preferentially express the ACE2 receptor, thus potentially incurring similarly robust pathological consequences. In older individuals, stem cell number and/or function become depleted due to pathways independent of disease-related injury to these subpopulations. Accordingly, pathologic targeting of stem cells in conditions like aGVHD and COVID-19 infection where these cells are already deficient due to the aging process may have dire consequences in elderly individuals. A hypothesis is herein advanced that, as with aGVHD, lung stem cell targeting is a potential co-factor in explaining age-related severity of COVID-19 infection.

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The Pathobiology of Skin Aging

Cited by 118 publications

References 115 publications

In vitro effects of conditioned medium from bioreactor cultured human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on skin-derived cell lines

In vitro effects of conditioned medium from bioreactor cultured human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on skin-derived cell lines

Increased Histone Acetylation and Decreased Expression of Specific Histone Deacetylases in Ultraviolet-Irradiated and Intrinsically Aged Human Skin In Vivo

COVID-19 and graft-versus-host disease: a tale of two diseases (and why age matters)

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