The pathogenesis of chronic obstructivepulmonary disease of horses

Robinson, N. E.; Derksen, F. J.; Olszewski, Michal A.; Buechner-Maxwell, Virginia

doi:10.1016/s0007-1935(96)80101-1

Cited by 233 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Bronchoalveolar lavage is commonly performed in horses suffering from lower airway disease, especially in horses suffering from heaves [12]. Indeed, research into equine lung disease focuses on inflammatory mediators and other compounds, whose concentration in BALF does not reflect the actual concentration of molecules recovered in PELF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of inulin with urea as dilutional markers of bronchoalveolar lavage in healthy and heaves-affected horses

et al. 2001

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-Solute analysis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid involves the use of dilutional markers to correct for variable recovery of pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF). Urea is the best characterised endogenous marker, whereas inulin appears to meet the requirements of an exogenous marker. In horses, the use of inulin has never been investigated and the impact of lower airway diseases such as heaves, on PELF recovery is unknown. In this study, five healthy and five heaves-affected horses underwent airway endoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. PELF recovery from bronchoalveolar lavage was calculated by the inulin and the urea method. The inulin method was compared to the urea method and differences between healthy and heaves-affected horses were analysed. From a technical and analytical point of view, inulin fulfilled the requirements of a marker of dilution as well as urea. When both healthy and heaves-affected horses groups were pooled together, PELF recovery calculated by the inulin method was significantly higher than by the urea method (6.43 ± 4.08% versus 0.789 ± 0.299%, P < 0.005). No significant differences were observed between healthy and heaves-affected horses, neither by the inulin nor by the urea method. Inulin did not present major advantages over urea, but the combined use of both markers can improve the standardisation of studies comparing PELF compounds, by providing upper limits (inulin dilution) and lower limits (urea dilution) of PELF recovery.inulin / urea / bronchoalveolar lavage / dilution factor Résumé -Comparaison de l'inuline et de l'urée en tant que marqueurs de dilution de lavage bronchoalvéolaire chez des chevaux sains et des chevaux poussifs. L'analyse des composants du liquide de lavage bronchoalvéolaire implique fréquemment l'utilisation de facteurs de dilution afin de pouvoir corriger la récupération très variable du fluide épithélial pulmonaire (FEP). Parmi les marqueurs utilisés, l'urée est le marqueur endogène le mieux caractérisé, tandis que l'inuline possède toutes les caractéristiques requises d'un marqueur de dilution exogène. L'inuline n'a jamais été Vet. Res. 32 (2001) 145-154 145

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of inulin with urea as dilutional markers of bronchoalveolar lavage in healthy and heaves-affected horses

et al. 2001

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“…Muscarinic receptors are considered to be of comparable clinical importance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in equines and in humans (15,16). Particularly, equine COPD is characterized by increased basal tone and by increased bronchoconstriction to a variety of irritants, including inflammatory mediators, mediated through the cholinergic nerves (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, equine COPD is characterized by increased basal tone and by increased bronchoconstriction to a variety of irritants, including inflammatory mediators, mediated through the cholinergic nerves (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Influenza viruses interfere with mucociliary clearance and may explain the common secondary bacterial complication (10,11). Airway hyperresponsiveness, which also accompanies viral infection, may be a contributing factor in the development of allergic pulmonary diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (10,11,16). Acute exacerbation of recurrent airway obstruction of horses is characterized by bronchospasm, inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree, and nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of neuraminidase on equine isolated bronchi

Matera¹,

Calzetta²,

Sanduzzi³

et al. 2008

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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A c c e p t e d m a n u s c r i p t AbstractIt has been demonstrated in mammals that the airway hyperresponsiveness which accompanies viral infections is the result of increased reflex bronchoconstriction due to inhibition of muscarinic prejunctional receptors, which belong to M2 subtypes. Multiple mechanisms account for virus-induced M2 receptor dysfunction. Viral neuraminidase may deglycosylate the M2 receptor, decreasing acetylcholine affinity. Equine influenza remains a common viral respiratory disease of horses worldwide, which results in loss to the equine industry, by decreasing performance, convalescence time and loss of peak performance due to chronic sequelae, such as airway hyperresponsiveness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of neuraminidase on equine isolated bronchi, assessed in equine bronchial smooth muscle rings, derived from five healthy equine male lungs. A pretreatment with vehicle did not modify contraction induced by EFS at each frequency tested. A pretreatment with pilocarpine (1 to 100 μM) significantly reduced, while methoctramine (1 to 100 μM) significantly increased contraction induced by EFS. Finally neuraminidase (0.5 Ul) significantly increased contraction induced by EFS. These results suggest that airway hyperresponsiveness that follows a viral influenza infection might be related to a dysfunction of muscarinic prejunctional receptors.

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“…In the horse, recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), which has some similarities with human asthma, is caused by hypersensitivity reactions to moulds and possibly also to other components present in hay and straw dusts [19]. IgE-mediated immune responses are probably involved in the pathogenesis of RAO: affected horses have higher IgE levels against mould extracts [12,21] and against certain recombinant (r) mould allergens [6] than healthy control horses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between the MHC gene region and variation of serum IgE levels against specific mould allergens in the horse

et al. 2003

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-To investigate whether the equine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene region influences the production of mould-specific immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE), alleles of the equine leukocyte antigen (ELA-A) locus and three microsatellite markers (UM-011, HTG-05 and HMS-42) located on the same chromosome as the equine MHC were determined in 448 Lipizzan horses. Statistical analyses based on composite models, showed significant associations of the ELA-A and UM-011 loci with IgE titres against the recombinant Aspergillus fumigatus 7 antigen (rAsp f 7). UM-011 was also significantly associated with IgE titres against the recombinant Aspergillus fumigatus 8 antigen (rAsp f 8). In addition to the loci mentioned above, the MHC class II DQA and DRA loci were determined in 76 Lipizzans from one stud. For IgE levels against rAsp f 7, the composite model showed the strongest association for DQA * Correspondence and reprints E-mail: eliane.marti@itz.unibe.ch S178 I. Curik et al.(P < 0.01) while for rAsp f 8 specific IgE levels, similarly to the results found with all 448 horses, the strongest association was found with UM-011 (P = 0.01), which is closely linked with the MHC class II DRB locus. These results suggest that the equine MHC gene region and possibly MHC class II loci, influence the specific IgE response in the horse. However, although the strongest associations were found with DQA and UM-011, this study did not distinguish if the observed effects were due to the MHC itself or to other tightly linked genes.horse / major histocompatibility complex / immunoglobulin E / specific mould allergen

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The pathogenesis of chronic obstructivepulmonary disease of horses

Cited by 233 publications

References 109 publications

Comparison of inulin with urea as dilutional markers of bronchoalveolar lavage in healthy and heaves-affected horses

Comparison of inulin with urea as dilutional markers of bronchoalveolar lavage in healthy and heaves-affected horses

Effects of neuraminidase on equine isolated bronchi

Association between the MHC gene region and variation of serum IgE levels against specific mould allergens in the horse

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