The Pathogenesis of Enamel Hypoplasia: an Experimental Study

Kreshover, Seymour J.

doi:10.1177/00220345440230040101

Cited by 53 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Enamel hypoplasia was not recorded in this study, although such defects in humans are thought to indicate disruptions in enamel formation that may be associated with systemic stress from specific or nonspecific infections or nutritional deficiencies (Giro, 1947;Kreshover, 1940Kreshover, , 1944Mellander et al, 1982;Sarnat and Schour, 1941). Although other researchers have ex-amined enamel hypoplasia in apes (Skinner, 1986;Vitzthum and Wikander, 19881, such analysis was viewed as beyond the scope of this study since the evaluation of macroscopic enamel defects in nonhuman primates is not straightforward.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Skeletal and dental pathology of free‐ranging mountain gorillas

Lovell

1990

American J Phys Anthropol

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The mountain gorillas of the central Virungas have been the subject of field study for the last 30 years; however, our understanding of morbidity and mortality in these apes is limited. This paper describes pathological conditions of the skeleton and dentition of these animals and evaluates lesions in relation to behavioral and environmental data. The skeletal remains of 31 mountain gorillas from the Karisoke Research Center were examined for enamel wear, carious lesions, abscesses, periodontal disease, antemortem tooth loss, trauma, inflammation, arthritis, neoplasia, and developmental anomalies. Two infants, three juveniles, 13 adult males, and 13 adult females form the sample. Enamel wear in the permanent posterior dentition is moderate. Six periapical abscesses were seen; three are associated with antemortem tooth breakage. No carious lesions were observed. Pronounced calculus buildup and alveolar resorption are the most notable pathological conditions of the dentition and affect all adult animals. The primary affliction of the skeleton is arthritis, which affects 14 animals. Vertebral degenerative disease predominates, but there is also temporomandibular joint involvement. Fractures occur at seven locations in the postcranium. In addition, there are five cranial injuries, including a fractured sagittal crest, and a penetrating wound to the vault, which is believed to result from a bite. Also thought to result from a bite is a case of cranial osteomyelitis. The only other inflammatory responses are two cases of idiopathic periostitis and one idiopathic lytic lesion. Button osteomas affect two animals and are the only neoplastic conditions observed. Two animals are afflicted by developmental abnormalities: one animal by idiopathic vertebral fusion and the other by spinal scoliosis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Skeletal and dental pathology of free‐ranging mountain gorillas

Lovell

1990

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…In addition to genetic variation, primate odontogenesis is subject to environmental effects including physiological stresses due to fetal and childhood disease and poor nutrition as well as food toughness, that manifest phenotypically in the structural composition of tooth tissues (Sarnat and Schour, 1941;Kreshover, 1944;Guatelli-Steinberg, 1998, tooth size (Townsend and Brown, 1978;Townsend, 1980;Dempsey and Townsend, 2001), and occlusion differences (Corruccini et al, 1990). Under-standing the factors that regulate or affect ontogenetic schedules, for example, epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and sources of temporal instructions, will better equip workers to distinguish variables that significantly affect or drive evolutionary changes in the dentition.…”

Section: Model For Coordinated Mandibular and Lower Dental Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological spacetime and the temporal integration of functional modules: A case study of dento–gnathic developmental timing

Boughner¹,

Hallgrímsson²

2007

Developmental Dynamics

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For the individual, coordination between tooth and jaw development is important to proper food acquisition and ingestion later in life. Among and within species, variation in dental and gnathic size, shape, and, in the case of teeth, number, must be mutually accommodating and functionally compatible. For these reasons, the development and evolution of these two systems should be closely integrated. Furthermore, the timing of dental development correlates tightly with life history events such as weaning. This correlation hints at a central regulation of the developmental timing of multiple systems that have tandem effects on physiology and behaviour. Important work on embryonic oral development continues to tease apart the molecular mechanisms that pattern jaw identity and establish tooth morphology and position in the alveolar bone. Still very poorly understood is what underlies rates and periods of gene activity such that pre-and postnatal tooth and jaw development are coordinated. Recent literature suggests at least some level of autonomy between permanent tooth and mandibular ontogenetic timing. However, whether the timing of these various signaling pathways is directly regulated or is an outcome of the pathways themselves is untested. Here, we review what is currently known about the embryonic signaling pathways that regulate tooth and jaw development in the context of time rather than space, as has been traditional. We hypothesize that the timing of mandibular and dental development is not directly mediated by a common factor but is an indirect outcome of strong selection for coordinated molecular pathways and growth trajectories. The mandible and lower jaw dentition is a powerful model with which to investigate the mechanisms that facilitate morphological change-in this case, the development and evolution-of organs that are closely integrated in terms of function, space and time. Developmental Dynamics 237:1-17, 2008.

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“…2 is the dentin-enamel junction and the underlying dentin. Figure 3 (20,27,34,49). Because of the continuous eruption, rat incisors are able to register disturbances in the functions of ameloblasts and odontoblasts leading to changes in the enamel and dentin, respectively (26,36,40 imparted by a pigment normally produced by ameloblasts (6).…”

Section: The Microscopic Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorosis in a Wild Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus) Population Inhabiting a Petrochemical Waste Site

Paranjpe

Chandra

Qualls³

et al. 1994

Toxicol Pathol

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We have developed an in situ mammalian model for evaluating environmental contamination using wild cotton rats. In a series of experiments, 200 male cotton rats were captured during 4 collection periods (spring 1991 = 35; fall 1991 = 60; spring 1992 = 53; fall 1992 = 52). A total of 103 of these cotton rats were captured from control sites, and the remaining 97 were captured from an abandoned oil refinery. All sites were located in the vicinity of Cyril, Oklahoma. There were alterations in the incisors of cotton rats captured from the refinery site. Normal color of cotton rat incisors is deep yellow-orange, which is imparted by a pigment normally produced by ameloblasts. Grossly, the upper incisors of 37 of 97 rats and lower incisors of 54 of 97 rats were affected. The affected incisors were white, chalky, and thin with striations and erosions of the enamel. Microscopic examination revealed that there were dysplastic and necrotic changes in the ameloblasts. The bone fluoride levels were significantly higher in rats captured from the refinery as compared to the rats captured from the control sites.

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The Pathogenesis of Enamel Hypoplasia: an Experimental Study

Cited by 53 publications

References 2 publications

Skeletal and dental pathology of free‐ranging mountain gorillas

Skeletal and dental pathology of free‐ranging mountain gorillas

Biological spacetime and the temporal integration of functional modules: A case study of dento–gnathic developmental timing

Fluorosis in a Wild Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus) Population Inhabiting a Petrochemical Waste Site

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