Prostate Cancer 2021
DOI: 10.36255/exonpublications.prostatecancer.pathogenesis.2021
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The Pathogenesis of Prostate Cancer

Abstract: Prostate cancer is a major cause of pathology in men world-wide and is age-related. Rare in the under 40s, a third of all those over 80 have been shown to have prostate lesions at autopsy. Both hereditary and molecular influences appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of the condition. Androgenic receptors play a major role in most, but not all, prostate cancers. The cell type involved is related to the aggressiveness of the malignancy. Of those that develop the disease, some die with prostate cancer, other… Show more

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Cited by 15 publications
(18 citation statements)
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References 56 publications
(74 reference statements)
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“…The staging and grade of prostate cancer help determine the extent of the disease, applicable treatment options, and the five-year survival estimate of patients. Clinical staging consists of a DRE, PSA levels, and a Gleason score, while pathologic staging is based on prostate tissue or lymph node biopsy [2].…”
Section: Diagnosis and Prognosismentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The staging and grade of prostate cancer help determine the extent of the disease, applicable treatment options, and the five-year survival estimate of patients. Clinical staging consists of a DRE, PSA levels, and a Gleason score, while pathologic staging is based on prostate tissue or lymph node biopsy [2].…”
Section: Diagnosis and Prognosismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Anatomically, the prostatic parenchyma is divided into four distinct zones- peripheral, central, transitional, and periurethral, or five lobes- anterior, posterior, medial, and two lateral lobes. Carcinomas of the prostate generally form in the peripheral zone of the posterior lobe where the prostatic ducts empty into the urethra, thus contributing to urinary reflux [ 1 , 2 ]. Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in males accounting for 26% of new cancer cases with an incidence of 248,530 in 2021 [ 3 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Although most PC patients respond to ADT, tumor cells may become androgen independent in 2–3 years [ 7 , 8 ]. Multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to castration-resistant PC (CRPC), mostly involving the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway as an adaptative response to ADT [ 9 ]. In CRPC, PSA levels continue to rise in a low T level environment.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite several systemic therapies have demonstrated a survival advantage in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer median overall survival based on real-world data may not exceed 2 years [10,11]. Evidence shows that T levels < 20 ng/dL improve CRPC patient survival and delay disease progression [5,9,12]. Regular PSA and T level determinations predict treatment response and duration as well as disease progression, allowing for new strategies to be introduced [13][14][15].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%