The Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus Eye Infections

O’Callaghan, Richard J.

doi:10.3390/pathogens7010009

Cited by 99 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 160 publications

(218 reference statements)

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“…Other bacteria that were identified on the spectacles represent ubiquitous or environmental taxa, such as Skermanella, Paracoccus or Aeronmonas. Notably, many of the identified genera contain species known to cause skin and eye diseases 20,[28][29][30] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site-specific molecular analysis of the bacteriota on worn spectacles

Fritz

März

Weis

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Regularly touched surfaces are usually contaminated with microorganisms and might be considered as fomites. The same applies for spectacles, but only little is known about their microbial colonization. Previous cultivation-based analyses from our group revealed a bacterial load strongly dominated by staphylococci. To better account for aerotolerant anaerobes, slow growing and yet-uncultivated bacteria, we performed an optimized 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach targeting the V1-V3 region. 30 spectacles were swab-sampled at three sites, each (nosepads, glasses and earclips). We detected 5232 OTUs affiliated with 19 bacterial phyla and 665 genera. Actinobacteria (64%), Proteobacteria (22%), Firmicutes (7%) and Bacteroidetes (5%) were relatively most abundant. At genus level, 13 genera accounted for 84% of the total sequences of all spectacles, having a prevalence of more than 1% relative abundance. Propionibacterium (57%), Corynebacterium (5%), Staphylococcus (4%), Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and Lawsonella (3%, each) were the dominant genera. Interestingly, bacterial diversity on the glasses was significantly higher compared to nosepads and earclips. Our study represents the first cultivation-independent study of the bacteriota of worn spectacles. Dominated by bacteria of mostly human skin and epithelia origin and clearly including potential pathogens, spectacles may play a role as fomites, especially in clinical environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site-specific molecular analysis of the bacteriota on worn spectacles

Fritz

März

Weis

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Staphylococci are important causative pathogens of ocular surface infections, including conjunctivitis and keratitis [1]. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance among staphylococci, especially to methicillin, is of clinical concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Staphylococci from Ocular Surface Infections Treated Empirically with Topical Besifloxacin: Antibiotic Resistance, Molecular Characteristics, and Clinical Outcomes

Schechter

Sheppard

Sanfilippo³

et al. 2019

Ophthalmol Ther

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Introduction: Understanding antibiotic resistance and toxin profiles among staphylococcal isolates in ocular infections can aid in therapeutic management and infection prevention strategies. We evaluated in vitro antibiotic resistance patterns and molecular traits of staphylococci isolated from patients with ocular surface infections. We also report on clinical outcomes for these patients following empirical treatment with topical besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6%. Methods: This was a small observational study. Participating investigators from three clinical sites collected an initial ocular culture from the affected eye of patients presenting with ocular surface infections with presumed staphylococcal etiology. Clinical outcome data for patients with confirmed staphylococcal infections were collated later through retrospective review of patient medical records. Staphylococcal species identification in ocular cultures, in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing, and PCR-based determination of methicillin resistance cassettes and toxin genotypes were conducted at a central laboratory. Isolates were categorized as susceptible or resistant based on systemic breakpoints, where available. Results: Cultures were collected from 43 patients, and staphylococcal infections were confirmed in 25 patients. Two isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and 27 isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis were identified. Both S. aureus isolates were methicillin-susceptible, lacked the gene encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin, and carried few enterotoxin genes. Eight (30%) S. epidermidis were methicillin-resistant (MRSE), and 10 (37%) were ciprofloxacin-resistant. All but two MRSE isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance (MDR), and the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IVa was detected in five of the eight MRSE isolates. Clinical resolution of the ocular surface infection was reported in all 25 patients following treatment with besifloxacin. Conclusions: In this study, S. aureus contained few toxins, while SCCmec IVa and MDR was predominant among MRSE from ocular surface infections. Despite significant in vitro fluoroquinolone resistance, there were no cases of Enhanced Digital Features To view enhanced digital features for this article go to https://doi.org/10.6084/ m9.figshare.10108700.

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“…Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may severely infect the eye including the cornea, the anterior chamber and the vitreous body. Microbial keratitis and endophthalmitis due to staph MRSA are vision-threatening infections and if not treated properly may result in severe loss of visual acuity or even blindness [3]. A case series of catastrophic eye infections caused by MRSA has been reported recently in patients after Lasik and cataract surgery [4][5][6][7].…”

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confidence: 99%