The Pathogenicity Determinants of Salmonella typhi: Potential Role of Fimbrial Structures

Satta, G.; Ingianni, Angela; Muscas, Patrizia; Rossolini, Gian María; Pompei, Raffaello

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2854-8_10

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The incongruity between the two results might be explained partially by early chemical mutagenesis methods [9]. However, seven di¡erent adhesins and at least ¢ve ¢mbriae other than type 1 have been reported in S. typhimurium [9,10]. Moreover, a second type 1-like ¢mbrial lpf operon was found on the chromosome (78 min) of S. typhimurium and reported to contribute to the adhesion on mouse Peyer's patches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vi-deficient and nonfimbriated mutants of Salmonella typhi agglutinate human blood type antigens and are hyperinvasive

Miyake

1998

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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We generated nonfimbriated mutants from both Vi-positive and -negative Salmonella typhi to analyze the role of type 1 fimbriae and Vi-antigen in bacterial invasion. A Vi-defective mutant of S. typhi GIFU 10007-3 was more invasive than the wild-type strain GIFU 10007. The wild-type strain expressing Vi-antigen did not agglutinate both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human erythrocytes but Vi-defective mutants were able to agglutinate S. cerevisiae and human erythrocytes. Nonfimbriated mutants from Vi-negative GIFU 10007-3 lost the ability to adhere to S. cerevisiae but still could agglutinate human erythrocytes. The Vi-negative mutant increased secreted proteins and became 5-fold more invasive than the wild-type strain. Nonfimbriated Vi mutants became 50^120-fold more invasive than the wild-type GIFU 10007. To determine why nonfimbriated Vi mutants still agglutinate human red blood cells, we searched bacterial proteins that could bind human bloodtype antigens. We finally identified a candidate 37 kDa outer membrane protein that recognized fucosyl-galactose, a structure common to blood type A, B and H antigens. z 1998 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mixture was incubated for 30 min at 37³C in 5% CO P . The method for counting intracellular bacteria has been described previously [10]. Brie£y, extracellular bacteria were killed with kanamycin and intracellular bacteria were plated on LB agar after lysing host cells.…”

Section: Cell Culture and Invasion Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vi-deficient and nonfimbriated mutants of Salmonella typhi agglutinate human blood type antigens and are hyperinvasive

Miyake

1998

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…The adaptation to a single mammalian host may have abolished the need for multiple fimbrial systems. In fact, type 1 fimbriae of S. typhi have been shown to mediate binding to human epithelial cells in vitro (50), supporting a role for these adhesins in the colonization of human host cell surfaces. In contrast to S. typhi, most other S. choleraesuis serotypes have a wide host range, including various species of livestock and wild animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Identification and sequence analysis of lpfABCDE, a putative fimbrial operon of Salmonella typhimurium

1995

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A chromosomal region present in Salmonella typhimurium but absent from related species was identified by hybridization. A DNA probe originating from 78 min on the S. typhimurium chromosome hybridized with DNA from Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella heidelberg, and Salmonella dublin but not with DNA from Salmonella typhi, Salmonella arizonae, Escherichia coli, and Shigella serotypes. Cloning and sequence analysis revealed that the corresponding region of the S. typhimurium chromosome encodes a fimbrial operon. Long fimbriae inserted at the poles of the bacterium were observed by electron microscopy when this fimbrial operon was introduced into a nonpiliated E. coli strain. The genes encoding these fimbriae were therefore termed lpfABCDE, for long polar fimbriae. Genetically, the lpf operon was found to be most closely related to the fim operon of S. typhimurium, both in gene order and in conservation of the deduced amino acid sequences.All members of the family Enterobacteriaceae express fimbriae, or pili, which allow them to attach to host surfaces. This attachment is the first step in the colonization of their preferred host niche. The various fimbrial adhesins were originally distinguished by their receptor specificity. Hemagglutination of erythrocytes was used as a criterion to define three fimbrial classes (for a recent review, see reference 14). Fimbriae whose agglutination is prevented by coincubation with D-mannose were designated type 1 fimbriae (41). Type 2 fimbriae, a nonhemagglutinating fimbrial class, were later found to resemble nonadhesive variants of type 1 fimbriae (20,36,43). Finally, pili able to agglutinate animal erythrocytes only after the erythrocytes have been treated with tannic acid were designated type 3 fimbriae (22, 23). This early classification was supported by data on the morphological characteristics of these fimbriae. Type 1 and type 2 fimbriae have a width of 7 to 8 nm and display a channeled rodlike appearance due to the arrangement of subunits around a hollow core (43). Type 3 fimbriae are 4 to 5 nm in diameter and lack an axial hole on the basis of electron microscopic examination (42). Recently, thin fimbriae (3 to 4 nm) with a unique curly morphology in members of the Enterobacteriaceae have been described (4,44). A comparison of sequence data obtained from several fimbrial systems with similar morphologies revealed that the major fimbrial subunits of curly fimbriae show a high degree of sequence conservation. These fimbriae are therefore now considered to form a distinct fimbrial class. The designation GVVPQ has been proposed, in reference to a short amino acid sequence conserved at the N terminus of their major fimbrial subunit (19). Type 1, type 2, type 3, and GVVPQ fimbriae have the common characteristic that their fimbrial subunits contain signal sequences which are cleaved by signal peptidase I. In contrast, a fifth enterobacterial class of pili, termed type 4 fimbriae, has been shown to use a different export system for translocation of its fimbrial subunits across t...

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“…Pathogenicity and virulence of Salmonella isolates are important characteristics in epidemiology and may be amenable to specific detection by DNA methods. For example, type 1 fimbriae of both S. typhi and S. typhimurium apparently have a role in pathogenicity by mediating adhesion to epithelial cells of host tissue (Satta et al, 1993;Curtiss et al, 1993). Identification of gene sequences coding for these and other factors of pathogenicity and virulence may provide a means of evaluating the epidemiological importance of Salmonella strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of DNA-Based Methodologies for SubtypingSalmonella

Burr

Josephson

Pepper

1998

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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Bacteria of the genus Salmonella are major human and animal pathogens worldwide, with over 2000 serotypes. Although most authorities agree that there are only one or two true species of Salmonella, serotypes are accepted as pseudo-species. In addition, although serotype identification is important, without additional subtyping, serotyping has limited usefulness for epidemiology as three serotypes (S. typhimurium, S. enteriditis, and S. heidelberg) account for 50% of human infections worldwide. The purpose of this review is to evaluate different methods of DNA typing and fingerprinting of Salmonella strains and to report the most important epidemiological and phylogenetic discoveries that have been made using these methods. These include plasmid analysis (plasmid profiles and plasmid fingerprints, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting).Plasmids are common but not universal in Salmonella isolates and can be used to discriminate isolates through plasmid profiles or restriction digests of plasmid DNA. They have been used with some success to subtype some serotypes. The correlation, however, is not always perfect. RFLP fingerprinting has also been used to subtype serotypes. Specifically, the IS200 insertion sequence has been used to probe restriction digests of chromosomal DNA. Probes derived from 16S sequences have been used similarly in 'ribotyping' studies but with less success. RFLP fingerprinting has been used in both phylogenetic and epidemiology studies of Salmonella and is considered to be a more stable and reliable method than plasmid analysis. PCR fingerprinting techniques, including arbitrarily primed PCR (AP PCR), repetitive sequence (REP) PCR and restriction digests of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA sequences have also been used to discriminate between Salmonella serotypes. The success of PCR methods is variable and depends on specific primers utilized. Overall, many fingerprinting techniques can discriminate between isolates but are often not successful in subtyping serotypes.

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The Pathogenicity Determinants of Salmonella typhi: Potential Role of Fimbrial Structures

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Vi-deficient and nonfimbriated mutants of Salmonella typhi agglutinate human blood type antigens and are hyperinvasive

Vi-deficient and nonfimbriated mutants of Salmonella typhi agglutinate human blood type antigens and are hyperinvasive

Identification and sequence analysis of lpfABCDE, a putative fimbrial operon of Salmonella typhimurium

An Evaluation of DNA-Based Methodologies for SubtypingSalmonella

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