The Pathologic Effects of Smoking Tobacco on the Trachea and Bronchial Mucosa

Knudtson, Kenneth P.

doi:10.1093/ajcp/33.4.310

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In 1995, Clements et al reported K-ras mutations in non-malignant bronchial tissues collected under fibreoptic bronchoscopic examination in patients with nonsmall-cell lung carcinomas (Clements et al, 1995). We therefore hypothesized that such a discrepancy between these results (Li et al, 1994;Urban et al, 1996;Behn et al, 1998) could be explained by the fact that the samples studied by Clements et al were collected from proximal bronchial carinae, which are the main sites of impaction of tobacco smoke compounds, shown to be the site of epithelial changes in response to constant exposure to airborne contaminants (Knudson, 1960;Auerbach et al, 1979). …”

Section: Detection Of K-ras Mutations In Bronchial Carina 415mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Detection of codon 12 K- ras mutations in non-neoplastic mucosa from bronchial carina in patients with lung adenocarcinomas

Urban

Ricci²,

Danel

et al. 2000

Br J Cancer

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K- ras activation by point mutation in codon 12 has been reported in lung adenocarcinomas in various models of experimental lung tumours induced by chemical carcinogens. The hypothesis of the presence of cells containing K- ras mutation in non neoplastic bronchial carina, the main site of impaction of airborne contaminants, was investigated by evaluating concurrent lung tumour and non-neoplastic proximal bronchial carinae from 19 patients with lung adenocarcinomas. The restriction fragment length polymorphism enriched PCR method used can detect one mutant allele among 10 3 normal alleles. A mutation was detected in 42% of lung adenocarcinoma samples. No mutation was detected in either tumour or bronchial carinae in nine patients (47%). K- ras mutation was detected in the lung tumour but not in bronchial carinae in four patients (21%), in both the lung tumour and bronchial carinae in four other patients (21%). In two patients (11%), K- ras mutation was detected in at least one bronchial carina, but not in the lung tumour. Mutations of codon 12, confirmed by sequencing analysis of ten samples, were G to T transversion, mostly TGT and GTT in bronchial carinae and lung tumours. Our data show that activated K- ras by point mutation can be present in non-neoplastic bronchial carina mucosa even when no mutation is detected in tumour samples. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign

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Section: Detection Of K-ras Mutations In Bronchial Carina 415mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Bronchial carinae are the main sites of impaction of airborne contaminants such as tobacco smoke compounds (Knudson, 1960;Auerbach et al, 1979). It can be hypothesized that these areas may constitute targets for the genotoxic effects induced by carcinogenic compounds, such as K-ras gene mutations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of codon 12 K- ras mutations in non-neoplastic mucosa from bronchial carina in patients with lung adenocarcinomas

Urban

Ricci²,

Danel

et al. 2000

Br J Cancer

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“…Some studies found that smoking can cause metaplasia of the mucosa of the tracheobronchial tree. Knudtson [11] found changes in the tracheal epithelium in 80 % of heavy smokers. Auerbach et al [12] found changes in the epithelium in 78 % of smokers, and only in 16 % of nonsmokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathohistological changes of tracheal epithelium in laryngectomized patients

Rosso¹,

Prgomet

Marjanović³

et al. 2014

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Total laryngectomy results in a permanent disconnection of the upper and lower airways. Thus, the upper airways are bypassed and can no longer condition, humidify, and filter the inhaled air, leading to damage of the tracheobronchial epithelium. There is little scientific information available about the effects of tracheostoma breathing and the degree of mucosal damage in laryngectomized patients. The aims of this study were to determine the histopathologic findings and investigate the potential impact of using a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) on the tracheal epithelium in long-term tracheostomy patients. Tracheal mucosal biopsies were taken from a total of 70 patients. Specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined by a light microscope. Normal pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium was found in only 9 (12.9%) cases; while, 17 (24.3%) cases had some degree of basal cell hyperplasia. Squamous metaplasia was the most common finding (50%). Pre-invasive lesions (mild and moderate squamous dysplasia) were found in only one patient who used an HME, and in eight (11.4%) non-users. Although the HME cannot completely restore the physiological functions of the upper respiratory track, it delivers a better quality of air to the lower airways and has a positive effect on tracheal mucosa.

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“…Squamous metaplasia usually occurs in epithelium exposed to protracted mechanical trauma or to chronic inflammation as seen for instance in the trachea and bronchi (Knudtson, 1960;Kotin, 1968). In the rectum a chronic irritation and subsequent inflammation may be caused by a prolapse; a squamous metaplasia was frequently recorded by Wells et al (1938) in the prolapsed rectum of the mouse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Squamous metaplasia in the healing of chronic colonic ulcers of the rat

Reeve

1975

The Journal of Pathology

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Chronic ulcers of the rat colon were produced by a administering a 3 per cent. hydrogen peroxide enema. Twenty-three per cent. of the animals with chronic ulcers had areas of squamous metaplasia at the wound margins which in some cases covered the defect. Electron microscopy revealed some areas similar to epidermis with the four characteristic cell layers. The cells demonstrated many filaments, membrane-coated granules, keratohyalin granules and keratin. The cells were linked by complex of cytoplasmic bridges and frequent desmosomes. Basal cells often displayed large irregular nuclei with double nucleoli. Other areas demonstrated a grossly irregular surface with marked cellular pleomorphism and defects in the basement lamina. The incidence of squamous metaplasia and squamous-cell carcinoma in the colon of man is discussed. The ultrastructural characteristics of squamous metaplasia in the trachea and bronchi is recorded and compared with those of the colon. It is suggested that as neoplasia has been observed to follow experimental metaplastic lesions in the bronchus, a similar ocurrence could take place in the colon as the squamous cells exhibited similar characteristics.

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The Pathologic Effects of Smoking Tobacco on the Trachea and Bronchial Mucosa

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Detection of codon 12 K- ras mutations in non-neoplastic mucosa from bronchial carina in patients with lung adenocarcinomas

Detection of codon 12 K- ras mutations in non-neoplastic mucosa from bronchial carina in patients with lung adenocarcinomas

Pathohistological changes of tracheal epithelium in laryngectomized patients

Squamous metaplasia in the healing of chronic colonic ulcers of the rat

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